Mosaic diseases of the rose in California

Thomas, H; Massey, L

Mosaic diseases of the rose in California

Authors

H. Earl Thomas
L. M. Massey

Authors Affiliations

H. Earl Thomas was Associate Plant Pathologist in the Experiment Station; L. M. Massey was Research Associate in Plant Pathology in the Experiment Station. Resigned June 30, 1933.

Publication Information

Hilgardia 12(10):645-663. DOI:10.3733/hilg.v12n10p645. November 1939.

PDF of full article, Cite this article

Abstract

Abstract does not appear. First page follows.

About a quarter of a century before virus diseases as such began to be recognized, evidence of graft transmission of a chlorosis of the rose was recorded in France ⁽¹²⁾4. However, mosaic as a disease of importance in rose culture did not attract attention until about 1928 ⁽¹⁴⁾. Mosaic then for several years excited an unusual amount of comment and controversy ⁽⁷⁾,⁽⁸⁾,⁽¹⁸⁾ which has been only partially justified by more extensive observations and experiments ⁽⁷⁾, ⁽¹³⁾, ⁽¹⁷⁾. It is now apparent, at any rate, that the rose may be affected by virus diseases of some importance and may serve as a potential source of virus for other plants ⁽¹⁰⁾.

The material presented in this paper relates to the mosaic type of disease only. The necrotic diseases reported from the eastern United States ⁽²⁾ and abroad ⁽⁴⁾, ⁽⁵⁾ have not been found in California.

Symptoms

As early as 1933, evidence began to appear in this work indicating that not one mosaic disease occurs among the cultivated roses but several. Since some of these were not recognized as distinct until recently, it will not be possible to treat them separately throughout this paper. For convenience these will be designated as “rose mosaic 1,” “rose mosaic 2,” and “rose mosaic 3,” and the corresponding viruses distinguished by their respective numbers.

In roses grown out of doors, lime-induced chlorosis without malformation is rather common, notably in the Santa Clara Valley. In such cases the leaf blade becomes uniformly yellow rather than mottled. This may obscure or inhibit development of symptoms of the mosaic diseases and may in some cases be confused with them. Diagnosis in the field is also complicated very frequently by insect injury ⁽⁷⁾, particularly that produced by leafhoppers.

Types of variegation are encountered occasionally, which appear to be entirely genetic in origin. Scions of one such rose (fig. 3, A) were grafted on Rosa odorata and kept under observation for several years.

Literature Cited

[1] Berkeley G. H. Infectious chlorosis of the rose. Canada Dept. Agr. Dominion Bot. Rept. 1931. 1929:21-23.

[2] Brierley Philip. Streak, a virus disease of roses. [Abstract.] Phytopathology. 1935. 25:7

[3] Brierley Philip. Symptoms of rose mosaic. [Abstract.] Phytopathology. 1935. 25:8

[4] Gigante R. Una nuova virosi della rosa in Italia. Bol. Staz. Pat. Veg. Roma. 1936. 16:76-94.

[5] Grieve B. J. “Rose wilt” and “dieback.” A virus disease of roses occurring in Australia. Australian Jour. Exp. Biol. and Med. Sci. 1931. 8:107-21. DOI: 10.1038/icb.1931.9 [CrossRef]

[6] Kunkel L. O. Heat treatments for the cure of yellows and other virus diseases of peach. Phytopathology. 1936. 26:809-30.

[7] Milbrath D. G. A discussion of the reported infectious chlorosis of the rose. California State Dept. Agr. Mo. Bul. 1930. 19(8):1-11.

[8] Nelson Ray. Infectious chlorosis of the rose. [Abstract.] Phytopathology. 1930. 20:130

[9] Newton W. Infectious chlorosis of roses. Canada Dept. Agr. Dominion Bot. Rept. 1931. 1930:23 and Staff.

[10] Thomas H. Earl. Apple mosaic. Hilgardia. 1937. 10(14):581-88. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3059.1984.tb02635.x [CrossRef] DOI: 10.3733/hilg.v12n10p645 [CrossRef] DOI: 10.3733/hilg.v12n10p645 [CrossRef]

[11] Thomas H. Earl, Rawlins T. E. Some mosaic diseases of Prunus species. Hilgardia. 1939. 12:623-44. DOI: 10.3733/hilg.v12n10p645 [CrossRef] DOI: 10.3733/hilg.v12n10p645 [CrossRef]

[12] Vibert M. Observations relatives a l’influence qu’exerce la greffe sur le sujet. Notes et Memoires, Jour. Soc. Imp. et Cent. Hort. 1863. 9:144-45.

[13] Weiss Freeman, McWhorter Frank P. Pacific Coast survey for rose mosaic. The Plant Disease Reporter [Issued by U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Plant Indus.]. 1930. 14:203-5. (Mimeo.)

[14] White R. P. An infectious chlorosis of roses. The Plant Disease Reporter [Issued by U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Plant Indus.]. 1928. 13:33-34. (Mimeo.)

[15] White R. P. Quarantines and rose chlorosis. Florists’ Exch. 1930. 73(11):50A- 54.

[16] White R. P. Chloroses of the rose. Phytopathology. 1932. 22:53-69.

[17] White R. P. The effect of mosaic on bloom production of the Talisman rose. Phytopathology. 1934. 24:1124-25.

[18] Wildon C. E. Michigan rose men discuss infectious chlorosis. Florists’ Exch. 1930. 73(10):58

Also in this issue:

Canned fruits market, 1958-59: Sales records set by California's major canned fruit packs in 100th year but reduced crops influence 1958-59 outlook

Mechanical fruit tree shaking: Effect of frequency and stroke on fruit removal and power requirements analyzed in study of reciprocating type shaker

Rooting pear, plum rootstocks: Growth-regulator treatments and a warm preplanting storage period promoted rooting of fall-collected hardwood cuttings

Drill seeding of forage ranges: Heavy duty drill permits good placement of desirable grass and legume seeds for establishment of pasture on range land

Weeds controlled with cyanamid: New method for treating winter leafy vegetable crops with calcium cyanamid controlled weeds at moderate cost in tests

New selective herbicide tested: CDEC applied in pre-emergence treatment of seeded lettuce shows promise for selective weed control without crop injury

Nitrification of fertilizers: Ammoniacal fertilizers used in study on the rate nitrifying bacteria function at various ammonia concentrations in soils

Deficiencies of micronutrients: Influence of phosphate fertilizers on micronutrients in avocado leaves subject of long-term study of Fuerte orchard

Septoria leaf scorch of azalea: Disease especially severe in cloudy, damp weather controlled by spray treatment in tests on experimental plot in Eureka

Lemon fruit quality studied: Comparative tests made of several new strains frequently used to avoid some diseases prevalent in old line Eurekas

Four new asparagus varieties: Now in third season of trial in experimental and commercial plantings, new varieties show promise but more testing needed

Some mosaic diseases of Prunus species