Ecology of gall-forming Lepidoptera on Tetradymia: I. Gall size and shape
Author
Hollister HartmanAuthor Affiliations
Hollister Hartman was formerly research assistant with the Population Biology Program, Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, is with TRW, Ballistic Missiles Division, P.O. Box 1310, San Bernardino, CA 92402.Publication Information
Hilgardia 52(3):1-16. DOI:10.3733/hilg.v52n03p016. February 1984.
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Abstract
Multiway analysis of covariance revealed ecological determinants of gall morphology operating hierarchically, with plant effects primary, insect effects secondary, and habitat effects tertiary. Plant effects included Tetradymia DC. (Asteraceae) species identity, timing and duration of growth pulses, and differential vegetation quality among height striata. Insect effects included a numerical response in gall density and a functional response in individual feeding duration and intensity. Alterations in Gnorimoschema tetradymiella Busck 1903 (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) feeding caused by parasitization created parasitoid-specific gall sizes. Habitat effects indexed by topographic and climatic features operated most strongly in relatively southern latitudes.
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