Ecology of tetranychid mites and their natural enemies: A review: III. Biology, ecology,
      and pest status, and host-plant relations of tetranychids

van de Vrie, M; McMurtry, J; Huffaker, C

Ecology of tetranychid mites and their natural enemies: A review: III. Biology, ecology, and pest status, and host-plant relations of tetranychids

Authors

M. van de Vrie
J. A. McMurtry
C. B. Huffaker

Authors Affiliations

M. van de Vrie was with the Institute for Phytopathological Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands. He was a Research Associate in the Experiment Station, Riverside, for six months in 1970; J. A. McMurtry was Entomologist in the Experiment Station and Lecturer in Biological Control, Riverside; C. B. Huffaker was Professor of Entomology and Entomologist in the Experiment Station, Berkeley.

Publication Information

Hilgardia 41(13):343-432. DOI:10.3733/hilg.v41n13p343. November 1972.

PDF of full article, Cite this article

Abstract

The literature pertaining to the bionomics of some of the most important tetranychids is reviewed. Considerable attention is paid to the possibilities of spider mites reaching pest levels as a result of environmental factors. It is concluded that more information is needed on economic injury levels of various species on different crops and under various climatic conditions. The influences of cultural practices and their interactions as related to population development of tetranychids also need more study. Furthermore, work is needed on the influence of climatic conditions on development of tetranychid mite populations together with possible predictability of outbreak situations. Finally, we need to know more about the fundamental relations between the host-plant quality and spider mite development, and the impact of spider mites on the development of their host plants.

Literature Cited

Abdel-Salam F. Über die Wirkung von Phosphorsäureestern auf einige Arthropoden innerhalb der Apfelbaum-Biozönose in Abhängigkeit von ihrer Dichte. Diss. Landw. Hochschule Hohenheim 1966. p.74.

Abul-Nasr S. The susceptibility of different varieties of cotton plants to infestation with insect and mite pests. Bul. Soc. Ent. Egypte. 1960. 44:143-56.

Aleksidze G. N. Parathion as a stimulant. (In Russian.). Sadovosto. 1968. 3:16

Alfaro A. Mites of fruit trees. (In Spanish.). Boln. Patol. Veg. Ent. Agric. 1964. 27:201-21.

Allen T. C., Casida J. E. Criteria for evaluating insecticidal phytotoxicity—Aerial growth. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1951. 44:737-46.

Allen W. W. Strawberry pests in California. Calif. Agr. Exp. Sta. Cir. 1959. 484:39 http://archive.org/details/strawberrypests484alle

Ananthakrishnan N. R. Report of the entomologist 1963. pp.40-51. Rep. Tea Scient. Dep. un. Plrs’ Ass. Sth. India

Andersen V. S. Untersuchungen über die Biologie und Bekämpfung der Obstbaumspinnmilbe Paratetranychus pilosus. Can. et Fanz. Diss. Univ. Bonn 1947. p.118.

Anderson N. H., Morgan C. V. G. Life-histories and habits of the clover mite, Bryobia praetiosa Koch, and the brown mite, Bryobia arborea M &; A. in British Columbia (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Can. Ent. 1958. 90:23-42. DOI: 10.4039/Ent9023-1 [CrossRef]

André M. L’hivernation chez les tétranyques Tetranychus et Paratetranychus et ses rapports avec la lutte contre ces acariens phytophages. Bul. Mus. His. Nat., Paris (2). 1942. 14:57-62.

Andres L. A. An ecological study of three species of Tetranychus (Acarina: Tetranychidae) and their responses to temperature and humidity 1957. p.49. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of California, Berkeley

Andrewartha H. G., Birch L. L. The distribution and abundance of animals. 1954. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 782p.

Anonymous. Red spiders in Western Europe. Pl. Prot. Bul. F.A.O. 1954. 2:71-73.

Anwarrullah M. Beiträge zur Morphologie und Anatomie einiger Tetranychiden (Acari, Tetranychidae). Diss. Landw. Hochschule Hohenheim 1962. p.59.

Attiah H. H., Boudreaux H. B. Influence of DDT on egg-laying of spider mites. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1964a. 57:50-53.

Attiah H. H., Boudreaux H. B. Population dynamics of spider mites influenced by DDT. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1964b. 57:53-57.

Austin M. D., Massee A. M. Investigations on the control of the fruit tree red spider mite (Metatetranychus ulmi Koch) during the dormant season. Jour. Pomol. 1947. 23:227-53.

Avery D. J. The vegetative growth of young plants of Brompton plum infested with fruit tree red spider mites. Rep. E. Malling Res. Sta. for. 1962. 1961:77-80.

Avery D. J. Carbon dioxide exchange by plum and apple leaves damaged by fruit tree red spider mite. Rep. E. Malling Res. Sta. for. 1964. 1963:94-97.

Avery D. J., Briggs J. B. Damage to leaves caused by fruit tree red spider mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch). Jour. Hort. Sci. 1968a. 43:463-73.

Avery D. J., Briggs J. B. The aetiology and development of damage in young fruit trees infested with fruit tree red spider mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch). Ann. Appl. Biol. 1968b. 61:277-88. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1968.tb04532.x [CrossRef]

Avery D. J., Lacey H. J. Changes in growth-regulator content of plum infested with fruit tree red spider mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch). Jour. Exp. Botany. 1968. 19:760-69. DOI: 10.1093/jxb/19.4.760 [CrossRef]

Avidov Z., Harpaz I. Plant pests of Israel. 1969. Jerusalem: Israel Univ. Press. 549p.

Baker H. Spider mites, insects, and DDT. Insects, Yearbook of Agriculture. 1952. 1952: Washington, D. C.: U. S. Dept. Agr. p. 562-67.

Baker J. E., Connell W. A. The morphology of the mouthparts of Tetranychus atlanticus and observations on feeding by this mite on soybean. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 1963. 56:733-36.

Baker E. W., Pritchard E. A. A guide to the spider mites of cotton. Hilgardia. 1953. 22(7):203-34. DOI: 10.3733/hilg.v22n07p203 [CrossRef]

Baldini E. La concimazione epigea degli alberi da frutto. Riv. Fruttic. 1960. 22:401-13.

Balevsky A. Experiments to determine the effect of DDT on apple mite (Bryobia redikorzevi Reck). (In Bulgarian; English and Russian summaries.). Rastit. Zasht. 1960. 8:59-64.

Balevsky A. Einige Besonderheiten in der Biologie der Obstbaumspinnmilbe (Panonychus ulmi Koch) und Resistenzerscheinungen bei derselben in Bulgarien. Boll. Zool. agr. Bachic. s. 1965. II(7):263-67.

Balevsky A. Tetranychid mites occurring on fruit crops 1967. p.157. (In Bulgarian; German and Russian summaries.) Sofia, Izdat. Bulgar. Akad. Nauk. Inst. Zasht. Rast. Gara Kostinbrod

Barnes M. M. Studies with acaricides for control of mites in apple and pear orchards in southern California. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1951. 44:672-84.

Bartlett B. R. The action of certain “inert” dust materials on parasitic Hymenoptera. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1951. 44:891-96.

Bartlett B. R., DeBach P. Integration of chemical and biological control. Biological control of insect pests and weeds. 1964. New York: Reinhold Publishing Corp. p. 489-511.

Bartlett B. R. Outbreaks of two-spotted spider mites and cotton aphids following pesticide treatment. I. Pest stimulation vs. natural enemy destruction as the cause of outbreaks. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1968. 61:297-303.

Basu A. C., Pramanik L. M. Test of some insecticides against Tetranychus telarius Linnaeus (Tetranychidae; Acarina) infesting brinjal in West Bengal. Beitr. Ent. 1965. 15:175-78.

Beament J. W. L. The structure and formation of the egg of the fruit tree red spider mite, Metatetranychus ulmi Koch. Ann. Appl. Biol. 1951. 38:1-24. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1951.tb07787.x [CrossRef]

Becker H. Über den Einfluss konstanter Temperaturen, relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit und Licht auf die Frühjahrsentwicklung der Wintereier der Obstbaumspinnmilbe, Paratetranychus pilosus Can. et Fanz. Anz. Schädlingsk. 1952. 25:116-18. DOI: 10.1007/BF02283390 [CrossRef]

Beglarov G. A. Effect of DDT on the abundance of tetranychid mites and their natural enemies. (In Russian; English summary.). Rev. Ent. de l’URRS. 1957. 36:370-85.

Beglarov G. A. A contribution to the biology of Tetranychus crataegi Hirst (Acariformes, Tetranychidae). (In Russian; English summary.). Rev. Ent. de l’URSS. 1959. 38:135-44.

Bengston M. European red mite (Panonychus ulmi (Koch)) and its adaptation to the Stanthorpe district, Queensland. Qd Jour. Agr. Sci. 1965. 22:177-85.

Blackburn N. D. DDT in the peach spray program in Ohio. Proc. Ohio State Hort. Soc. 1947. 80:26-41.

Blair C. A. Damage to apple leaves by the fruit tree red spider mite, Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch). Rep. E. Malling Res. Sta. for. 1951. 1950:152-54.

Blair C. A., Groves J. R. Biology of the fruit tree red spider mite, Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch) in south-east England. Jour. Hort. Sci. 1952. 27:14-43.

Blauvelt W. E. The internal morphology of the common red spider mite (Tetranychus telarius Linn.). Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Mem. 1945. 270:

Boczek J., Kropczy?ska D. Studies on mites (Acarina) living on plants in Poland. I. Fragm. faun. 1964. 11:161-88. DOI: 10.3161/00159301FF1964.11.12.161 [CrossRef]

Boczek J., Kropczy?ska D. Characteristics of the mite fauna of plants in Poland. Zesz. nauk. Szk. glów. Gosp. wiejsk., Ser. Ogrodnictwo. 1966. 3:63-78.

Bodenheimer F. S. Mites (Acarina). Citrus entomology (Uitgeverij Dr. W. Junk)’s-Gravenhage 1951. pp.561-97. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-5218-3_14 [CrossRef]

Bogdanoff W. Veränderung von Transpiration, Photosynthese, Aminosäure, Zucker und Stickstoffgehalt in den Bohnenpflanzen nach Bespritzung mit den Insektiziden Parathion und Ekatin. TagBer. dt. Akad. LandwWiss. Berl. 1964. 62:223-30.

Bognar S. Biology and control of spider mites in Hungary. (In Hungarian.). Kertész. szöléz. Föisk. Évk. 1963. 11:301-10.

Böhm H. Untersuchungen über die Biologie und Bekämpfung der Roten Stachelbeerspinnmilbe (Bryobia praetiosa Koch). Pflanzenschberichte. 1954. 13:161-76.

Böhm H. Zum Spinnmilbenauftreten an Obstgehölzen. Erwerbobstbau. 1966. 8:229-32.

Bondarenko N. V. The spider mite as a pest of hothouse cultures in the conditions of the Leningrad area 1949. (In Russian.) Abstr. Doct. Diss. Min. Higher Educ. USSR., Leningrad Agr. Inst

Bondarenko N. V. The influence of shortened day on the annual cycle of development of the common spider mite. (In Russian.). Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR. 1950. 70:1077-80.

Bondarenko N. V. Characteristics of the diapause in Tetranychus urticae Koch. Zool. Zh. 1958. 37:1012-23.

Bondarenko N. V. Mites on fruit trees. (In Russian.). Zash. Rast. Vredit. Bolez. 1964. 1964(6):41-42.

Bondarenko N. V., Asatur M. K. Peculiarities in the bionomics of the red fruit tree mite. (In Russian.) Zap. leningr. sel’.-khoz Inst. 1960. 80:73-83.

Bondarenko N. V., Kuan H. A. J. Peculiarities in the origin of diapause in different geographical populations of T. telarius. (In Russian.). Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR. 1958. 119:1247-50.

Boudreaux H. B. Revision of the two-spotted spider mite (Acarina, Tetranychidae) complex, Tetranychus telarius (Linnaeus). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 1956. 49:43-48.

Boudreaux H. B. The effect of relative humidity on egg-laying, hatching, and survival in various spider mites. Jour. Insect Physiol. 1958. 2:65-72. DOI: 10.1016/0022-1910(58)90029-5 [CrossRef]

Boudreaux H. B. Biological aspects of some phytophagous mites. Ann. Rev. Ent. 1963. 8:137-54. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.en.08.010163.001033 [CrossRef]

Boudreaux H. B., Dosse G. The usefulness of the new taxonomic characters in females of the genus Tetranychus Dufour (Acari: Tetranychidae). Acarologia. 1963. 5:13-33.

Boulanger L. W. The effect of European red mite feeding injury on certain metabolic activities on Red Delicious apple leaves. Maine Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 1958. 570:34

Boulanger L. W. The effect of some fungicides on European red mite populations in Maine. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1963. 56:298-300.

Boyce A. M. The citrus red mite Paratetranychus citri McG. in California and its control. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1936. 29:125-30.

Boyle W. W. On the method of dissemination of Tetranychus telarius L. Proc. Hawaii Ent. Soc. 1957. 16:261-68.

Bravenboer L. De chemische en biologische bestrijding van de spintmijt Tetranychus urticae Koch 1959. p.85. (In Dutch; English summary.) Diss. Landbouwhogesch. Wageningen

Bravenboer L. Experiments with the predator Phytoseiulus riegeli Dosse on glasshouse cucumbers. Mitt. schweiz. ent. Ges. 1963. 36:53

Breukel L. M., Post A. The influence of manurial treatment on the population density of Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch) (Acari, Tetranychidae). Entomologia exp. appl. 1959. 2:38-47. DOI: 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1959.tb02095.x [CrossRef]

Briggs J. B., Avery D. J. Effects of infestation with fruit tree red spider mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), on the growth and cropping of young fruit trees. Ann. Appl. Biol. 1968. 61:269-76. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1968.tb04531.x [CrossRef]

Bromley S. W. Mosquito spraying with DDT and the two-spotted mite. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1948. 41:508

Burdajewicz S. The effect of spraying with preparations of DDT against Cydia funebrana on the growth of the population of P. ulmi. (In Polish; English and Russian summaries.). Biul. Kwarant. Ochr. Ro?l. 1963. 23:67-76.

Butler G. D. The effect of alfalfa irrigation treatments on the two-spotted mite in alfalfa. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1955. 48:221-22.

Butler G. D., Abid M. K. The biology of Oligonychus platani on pyracantha. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1965. 58:687-88.

Cagle L. R. Life history of the European red mite. Tech. Bul. Virginia Agr. Exp. Sta. 1946. 98:1-19.

Cagle L. R. Life history of the two-spotted spider mite. Tech. Bul. Virginia Agr. Exp. Sta. 1949. 113:1-31.

Cagle L. R. Life history of the spider mite, Tetranychus atlanticus McG. Tech. Bul. Virginia Agr. Exp. Sta. 1956. 124:1-22.

Cagle L. R. Fertilization tests of a red spider mite found on raspberry in Virginia with the European red mite and with citrus red mite. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 1962. 55:378-79.

Caldwell N. E. H. DDT and codling moth control. Qd Agr. Jour. 1946. 63:86

Camin J. Observations on the life history and sensory behavior of the snake mite Ophionyssus natricis (Gervais) (Acarina: Macronysidae). Chicago Acad. Sci. Spec. Publ. 1953. 10:75

Campbell J. A. Ann. Rep. Dept. Agr. Br. Columbia. 1945. 39:176 (1944)

Campbell J. H. The development of an artificial diet for the culture of the two-spotted mite 1959. M. S. Thesis, Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington

Canerday T. D., Arant F. S. The effect of spider mite populations on yield and quality of cotton. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1964a. 57:553-56.

Canerday T. D., Arant F. S. The effect of late-season infestations of the strawberry mite, Tetranychus atlanticus, on cotton production. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1964b. 57:931-33.

Cannon W. N., Connell W. A. Populations of Tetranychus atlanticus McG. (Acarina: Tetranychidae) on soybean supplied with various levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Entomologia exp. appl. 1965. 8:153-61.

Cannon W. N., Terriere L. C. Egg production of the two-spotted spider mite on bean plants supplied nutrient solutions containing various concentrations of iron, manganese, zinc, and cobalt. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1966. 59:89-93.

Carmona M. M. A contribution to knowledge of the mites of cultivated plants in Portugal. (In Portuguese; English summary.). Agronomia lusit. 1960. 22:221-30.

Carmona M. M. A contribution to knowledge of the mites of cultivated plants in Portugal. (In Portuguese; English summary.). Agronomia lusit. 1964. 24:273-88.

Casida J. E., Allen T. C. Absorption and translocation of insecticides by plants. Agr. Chem. 1952. 7:41-43.

Chaboussou F. Sur deux cas de pullulations de tétranyques en corrélation avec les taux d’azote et de potassium dans les feuilles. Influence de certains traitements insecticides. Revue Zool. agric. appl. 1960. 59:85-98.

Chaboussou F. Les multiplications de l’araignée rouge (Panonychus ulmi Koch) sur vigne à la suite des traitements insecticides contre vers de la grappe. Resultats d’une enqu?te conduite en 1961 dans le Médoc, le Sauternais l’Entre-deux Mers et la Charente-Maritime. Revue Zool. agric appl. 1963. 62:80-91.

Chaboussou F. Distorsion du diagnostic foliare de la vigne sous l’influence de certains traitements insecticides 1964. pp.174-80. C. r. Coll. Eur. nutr. fert. vitic. (Montpellier, 1964)

Chaboussou F. Die Vermehrung der Milben als Folge der Verwendung von Pflanzenschutzmitteln und die biochemische Veränderungen, die diese auf die Pflanze ausüben. Z. angew. Zool. 1966a. 53:257-76.

Chaboussou F. Nouveaux aspects de la phytiatrie et de la phytopharmacie. Le phénomène de la trophobiose. Proc. FAO-Symp. Integr. Pest Control, Rome. 1966b. 1:33-61. (1965)

Chaboussou F. Les déséquilibres consécutifs aux traitements pesticides des vergers et de la vigne. Revue Zool. agr. appl. 1967. 66:136-52.

Chaboussou F., Bessard A. La question des tétranyques ou araignées rouges sur les arbres fruitiers. Revue Zool. agr. appl. 1954. 53:1-18.

Chaboussou F., Delmas J., Dureau P. Sur l’élévation du taux d’azote protéique et de potasse dans les tissus foliaires de la vigne, consécutive à l’application de certain produits insecticides et notamment du dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane ou DDT. C. r. Acad. Sci. 1961. 252:2438-40.

Chambers V. H., Hey G. L., Smith N. K. DDT, the new insecticide. Market Grower. 1944. 22(15):12 13; July 10 12-13 29 22; July; July 11; Aug. 5: 12-13

Chandler S. C. Experimental work with DDT on fruit insects in 1945. Trans. Ill. State Hort. Soc. 1946. 79:274-90.

Chant D. A. Integrated control systems. Scientific aspects of pest control. 1966. 1402:Nat. Acad. Sci. Pub. Washington, D. C

Chapman P. J. Dormant and semi-dormant sprays with special reference to the control of mites. Proc. Pa. Hort. Assoc. 1947. 88:73-82.

Chapman P. J., Lienk S. E. Orchard mite control experiments in western New York. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1950. 45:309-14.

Chapman P. J., Lienk S. E., Curtis O. F. Responses of apple trees to mite infestations. I. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1952. 45:815-21.

Chapman R. K., Allen T. C. Stimulation and suppression of some vegetable plants by DDT. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1948. 41:616-23.

Chen H. H. A preliminary study of the effects of soil insecticides on plant growth 1957. Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington

Cheng C. Observations on the ecology of citrus red mite (Panonychus citri (McGregor)) in Taiwan. (In Chinese; English summary.). Pl. Prot. Bul., Taiwan. 1966. 8:80-89.

Childs J. Good-bye Mr. codling moth, hello Mr. red mite. Washington grower warns of some dangers in the use of DDT. Amer. Fruit Grow. Mag. 1947. 67:21 44-45

Chiswell J. R. Field comparisons of some insecticides for control of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), with observations on effects of treatment on mite populations. Jour. Hort. Sci. 1962. 37:313-25.

Clancy D. W., McAlister H. J. New possibilities in apple pest control 1956a. Proc. 10th Intern. Congr. Ent., Montreal (1956): 181-85

Clancy D. W., McAlister H. J. Effects of spray practices on apple mites and their predators in West Virginia 1956b. Proc. 10th Intern. Congr. Ent., Montreal (1956): 597-601

Clancy D. W., McAlister H. J. Selective pesticides as aids to biological control of apple pests. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1956c. 49:196-202.

Clancy D. W., Pollard H. N. The effect of DDT on mite and predator populations in apple orchards. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1952. 45:108-14.

Clasparède E. Studien an Acariden. Z. wiss. Zool. 1868. 18:445-546.

Coghill K. J., Ingram J. Control of red spider mites of black currants and effect on yield. Expl. Hort. 1962. 6:8-15.

Collyer E. The effect of spraying materials on some predatory insects. Rep. E. Malling Res. Sta. for. 1952. 1951:141-52.

Collyer E. The greenhouse red spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, on apple in East Anglia. Rep. E. Malling Res. Sta. for. 1953. 1952:159-60.

Collyer E. A summary of experiments to demonstrate the role of Typhlodromus pyri Scheut. in the control of Panonychus ulmi (Koch) in England 1964a. C. r. Ier Congrès Int. d’Acarologie, Fort Collins, Colo., U.S.A. (1963): 363-71

Collyer E. Phytophagous mites and their predators in New Zealand orchards. N. Z. Jour. Agr. Res. 1964b. 7:551-68. DOI: 10.1080/00288233.1964.10416383 [CrossRef]

Collyer E., Kirby A. H. M. Some factors affecting the balance of phytophagous and predacious mites on apple in south-east England. Jour. Hort. Sci. 1955. 30:97-108.

Collyer E., Kirby A. H. M. Contrasting influence of certain fungicides on orchard fauna in south-east England 1957. Proc. IVth Int. Congr. Crop Prot., Hamburg (1957): 949-51

Collyer E., Kirby A. H. M. Further studies on the influence of fungicide sprays on the balance of phytophagous and predacious mites on apple in south-east England. Jour. Hort. Sci. 1959. 34:39-50.

Cone W. W. Insecticides as a factor in population fluctuations of mites on alfalfa. Wash. Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bul. 1963. 41:55

Cory E. N. The control of insects in 1921. Rep. Md. Agr. Soc. 1922. 6:159-68.

Cory E. N. Control measures for the European red mite on peach and apple. Trans. Peninsula Hort. Soc. 1929. 18:109-10.

Cottier W. The European red mite in New Zealand. N. Z. Jour. Sci. Tech. 1934. 16:39-56.

Cox H. C., Lieberman F. V. Biology of the brown wheat mite. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1960. 53:704-08.

Cranham J. Tea pests and their control. Ann. Rev. Ent. 1966. 11:491-514. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.en.11.010166.002423 [CrossRef]

Cranham J., Ranaweera D. J., Rajapakse G. B. The mite pests of tea: recognition and control. Tea Q. 1962. 33:189-94.

Chessman A. W. An albino strain of citrus red mite. Calif. Citrograph. 1963. 48:329-31.

Croft B. A., Jorgensen C. D. Life history of Typhlodromus mcgregori (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Jour. Econ Ent. 1969. 62:1261-67.

Cutright C. R. The season’s experiments with red mite control. Proc. Ohio State Hort. Soc. 1942. 75:32-44.

Cutright C. R. Populations of the European red mite as affected by spray schedules. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1944. 37:499-502.

Cutright C. R. The European red mite in Ohio. Ohio Agr. Exp. Sta. Res. Bul. 1963. 953:32

Cutright C. R., Sutton R. Effectiveness of acaricides in DDT-sprayed orchards. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1947. 40:557-62.

Cutright C. R., Vogel M. A. Possibilities in the use of DDT on Ohio apples. Proc. Ohio State Hort. Soc. 1946. 79:94-105.

Dabrowski T. The successive action of fenitrothion and carbaryl on the spider mites (Tetranychidae) and predatory mites (Phytoseiidae) in the apple orchards. (In Polish; Russian and English summaries.). Biul. Kwarant Ochr. Ro?l. 1968. 40:537-52.

Damiano A. Gli acari degli agrumenti in Tripolitania. Riv. Agric. Subtrop. 1964. 58:354-61.

Das G. M. Bionomics of the tea red spider Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner). Bul. Ent. Res. 1959. 50:265-74. DOI: 10.1017/S0007485300054572 [CrossRef]

Das G. M. Occurrence of the tea red spider, Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner) on tea in north-east India in relation to pruning and defoliation. Bul. Ent. Res. 1960. 51:415-26. DOI: 10.1017/S0007485300055073 [CrossRef]

Das G. M. Some important pests of tea. Two Bud. 1963. 10:4-8.

Das G. M., Das S. C. Effect of temperature and humidity on the development of tea red spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner). Bul. Ent. Res. 1967. 57:433-36. DOI: 10.1017/S0007485300050161 [CrossRef]

Davis D. W. Influences of population density on Tetranychus multisetis. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1952a. 45:652-54.

Davis D. W. Some effects of DDT on spider mites. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1952b. 45:1011-19.

Davis D. W. Biology of Tetranychus “multisetis,” the polychaetus form of Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 1961. 54:30-34.

Dean H. A. Quadrant distribution of mites on leaves of Texas grapefruit. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1959. 52:725-27.

Dean R. W. Effects of DDT on apple maggot, red mite, and curculio. Proc. N. Y. State Hort. Soc. 1946. 91:205-09.

DeBach P. Predators, DDT and citrus red mite populations. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1947. 40:598-99.

DeBach P., Bartlett B. R. Effects of insecticides on biological control of insect pests of citrus. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1951. 44:372-83.

DeBach P., Fleschner C. A., Dietrick E. J. Studies on the efficacy of natural enemies of citrus red mite in southern California. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1950. 43:807-19.

DeOng E. R. The red spider. Mon. Bul. Calif. Dept. Agr. 1919. 8(11-12):679-80.

DeWilde J. Photoperiodism in insects and mites. Ann. Rev. Ent. 1962. 7:1-26. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.en.07.010162.000245 [CrossRef]

Dicker G. H. L. The hatching period of winter eggs of Metatetranychus ulmi Koch. Mitt. schweiz. ent. Ges. 1963. 36:58

Dierick G. F. M. Factoren welke van belang zijn bij de beoordeling van de mate van spintbestrijding door wintersproeimiddelen. Tijdschr. PlZiekt. 1948. 54:81-85.

Dittrich V. Populationsgenetische Untersuchungen an normalen und phosphorsäureester-resistenten Stämmen von Tetranychus urticae. Z. angew. Ent. 1961. 48:34-57. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0418.1961.tb03790.x [CrossRef]

Dittrich V. Embryonic development of Tetranychids. Boll. Zool. agr. Bachic. s. 1965. II(7):101-04.

Dittrich V. Die Embryonalentwicklung von Tetranychus urticae Koch in der Auflichtmikroskopie. Z. angew. Ent. 1968. 61:142-53. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0418.1968.tb03884.x [CrossRef]

Dittrich V. Chlorophenamidine negatively correlated with OP resistance in a strain of two-spotted spider mite. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1969. 62:44-47.

Dittrich V., Streibert P. The respiratory mechanism of spider mite eggs. Z. angew. Ent. 1969. 63:200-11. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0418.1969.tb04376.x [CrossRef]

Dominichini G. Ricerche sulla biocenosi del Melo nell’ Italia settentrionale. Boll. Zool. agr. Bachic. 1963. 5:1-23.

Dondale C. D. A model outbreak of the mite Tetranychus mcdanieli McGregor in Ontario. Proc. Ent. Soc. Ont. 1967. 1967:29-45.

Doreste S. Influencia de tres hospederos diferentes (Peral, Ciruelo y Nagal) en la biologia del acaro rojo eureopeo Panonychus ulmi Koch. Agronomia Trop. 1964. 14:83-100.

Dosse G. Neue Gesichtspunkte zur Spinnmilbenfrage. Mitt. biol. Reichsanst. Ld- u. Forstw. 1953a. 75:225-27.

Dosse G. Die Gewachshausspinnmilbe Tetranychus urticae Koch forma dianthica und ihre Bekämpfung. Höfchenbr. Bayer PflSchutz-Nachr. 1953b. 5:238-67.

Dosse G. Studies on the Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval-complex in citrus plantations in Lebanon. (Acarina, Tetranychidae). Z. angew. Ent. 1964a. 53:455-61. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0418.1963.tb02905.x [CrossRef]

Dosse G. Beobachtungen über Entwicklungstendenzen in Tetranychus urticae-cinnabarinus-Komplex (Acari, Tetranychidae). Pflanzenschberichte. 1964b. 31:113-28.

Dosse G. Beiträge zum Diapause-Problem von Tetranychus urticae Koch und Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval-Komplex in Libanon (Acarina, Tetranychidae). Pflanzenschberichte. 1966. 34:129-38.

Dosse G. Schadmilben des Libanons und ihre Prädatoren. Zeitschr. angew. Ent. 1967. 59:16-48. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0418.1967.tb03837.x [CrossRef]

Dosse G., Langenscheidt M. Morphologische, biologische und histologische Untersuchungen an Hybriden aus dem Tetranychus urticae-cinnabarinus-Komplex (Acari, Tetranychidae). Z. angew. Ent. 1964. 54:349-59. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0418.1964.tb02950.x [CrossRef]

Downing R. D., Moilliet T. K. Relative densities of predacious and phytophagous mites on three varieties of apple trees. Can. Ent. 1967. 99:738-41. DOI: 10.4039/Ent99738-7 [CrossRef]

Driggers B. F. DDT on peaches: three years’ field experiments. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1946. 39:181-83.

Dubynina T. S. Onset of diapause and reactivation of common spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acarina, Tetranychidae). (In Russian.). Ent. Obozr. 1965. 44:287-92.

Dustan G. G., Stevenson A. B. Pear leaf scorch and its relation to the European red mite. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1961. 54:918-20.

Ebeling W. Observations on a method of dissemination employed by mites. Pan-Pacif. Ent. 1934. 10:89

Ebeling W. Summary of field experiments with DDT and rotenone used in red scale control. Calif. Citrog. 1945. 30:164-93.

Ebeling W. Citrus red mite. Subtropical fruit pests. 1959. Berkeley: University of California Division of Agricultural Sciences. p. 144-48.

Eberhardt P., Voss G. Die Carbohydrasen der Spinnmilbe Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari, Trombidiformes, Tetranychidae). Experientia. 1961. 17:307 DOI: 10.1007/BF02158169 [CrossRef]

Ehara S. Comparative studies on the internal anatomy of three Japanese trombidiform acarinids. Jour. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ. Ser. 6, Zool. 1960. 14:410-34.

Ehara S. Mites of greenhouse plants in Hokkaido, with a new species of Cheyletidae. Annotnes zool. Jap. 1962. 35:106-11.

Ehara S. The tetranychoid mites of Japan. 1964. Fort Collins, Colo: C. r. Ier Congrès Int. d’Acarologie. p. 409-14. (1963)

Eichmeyer J., Guyer G. An evaluation of the rate of reproduction of the two-spotted spider mite reared on gibberellin-treated bean plants. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1960. 53:661-64.

Elmer H. S. The Yuma spider mite, Eotetranychus yumensis, on citrus. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1965. 58:534-36.

El-Rafie M. S., El-Hannaway S. Physiological studies on the effect of certain organo-phosphorus systemics on cotton plant. Bul. Soc. Ent. Égypte. 1961. 45:387-99.

English L. L., Snetsinger R. The biology and control of Eotetranychus multidigitali (Ewing), a spider mite of honey locust. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1957. 50:784-88.

English L. L., Tinker M. E. The effect of DDT sprays on mite and aphid populations on elms. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1954. 47:658-60.

English L. L., Turnipseed G. F. The influence of temperature and season on the citrus red mite (Paratetranychus citri). Jour. Agr. Res. 1941. 62:65-77.

Essig E. O. Observations on aphid control by DDT, vapor fog, and water suspension spray. Calif. Agr. Exp. Sta. Cir. 1946. 365:76-78.

Ewing H. E. The common red spider or spider mite. Oregon Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 1914. 121:95

Fenton F. A. The brown wheat mite, Petrobia latens. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1951. 44:996

Finney G. L. A technique for mass culture of the six-spotted mite. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1953. 46:712-13.

Fjelddalen J. Red spider mites of top and small fruit. Biology and control. Frukt Baer. 1952. 2:56-72.

Flaherty D. The ecology and importance of spider mites on grapevine in the southern San Joaquin Valley, with emphasis on the role of Metaseiulus occidentalis (Nesbitt) 1967. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of California, Berkeley

Flaherty D., Lynn C., Jensen F., Luvisi D. Spider mite problems in the southern San Joaquin Valley vineyards. 1966. Univ. Calif. Agr. Ext. Serv. Coop. Farm and Home Adv. Bul. 11p. (Mimeo.)

Fleschner C. A. Host-plant resistance as a factor influencing population density of citrus red mite on orchard trees. Jour Econ. Ent. 1952. 45:687-95.

Fleschner C. A. Natural enemies of tetranychid mites on citrus and avocado in southern California. 1958a. 4:627-31. Proc. 10th Intern. Congr. Ent., Montreal (1956)

Fleschner C. A. Field approach to population studies of tetranychid mites on citrus and avocado in California. 1958b. 2:669-74. Proc. 10th Intern. Congr. Ent., Montreal (1956)

Fleschner C. A., Badgley M. E., Ricker D. W., Hall J. C. Air drift of spider mites. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1956. 49:624-27.

Fleschner C. A., Hall J. C., Ricker D. W. Natural balance of mite pests in an avocado grove. Yearbook, Calif. Avocado Soc. 1955. 39:155-62.

Foott W. H. Competition between two species of mites. I. Experimental results. Can. Ent. 1962. 94:365-75. DOI: 10.4039/Ent94365-4 [CrossRef]

Foott W. H. Competition between two species of mites. II. Factors influencing intensity. Can. Ent. 1963. 95:45-57. DOI: 10.4039/Ent9545-1 [CrossRef]

Foott W. H. Geotactic responses of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Ont. 1965a. 95:106-08. (1964)

Foott W. H. Some factors influencing control of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acarina: Tetranychidae) on greenhouse cucumbers. Proc. Ent. Soc. Ont. 1965b. 95:108-15. (1964)

Force D. C. Effect of temperature on biological control of two-spotted spider mite by Phytoseiulus persimilis. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1967. 60:1308-11.

Franklin H. J. Injurious and beneficial insects affecting cranberry. Bul. Mass. Agr. Exp. Sta. 1929. 247:313-14.

Fracker S. B. Losses in agriculture: a preliminary appraisal for review. U. S. Dept. Agr. A.R.S. 1954. 20-1:190

Fritzsche R. Abhängigkeit der Spinnmilbenvermehrung von dem Ernährungszustand der Wirtspflanzen. TagBer. dt. Akad. LandwWiss. Berl. 1957. 17:55-63.

Fritzsche R. Morphologische, biologische und physiologische Variabilität und ihre Bedeutung für die Epidemiologie von Tetranychus urticae. Biol. Zbl. 1959. 5:521-76.

Fritzsche R. Die Wirt-Parasit Beziehungen zwischen verschiedenen Gemüsepflanzen und Tetranychus urticae Koch und ihre epidemiologische Bedeutung. Mitt. biol. BundAnst. Ld-u. Forstw. 1961. 104:138-43.

Fritzsche R. Einfluss der Kulturmassnahmen auf die Entwicklung von Spinnmilbengradationen. Meded. LandbHoogesch. OpzoekStns Gent. 1962a. 26:1088-97.

Fritzsche R. Spinnmilben in Gemüsebau. TagBer. dt. Akad. LandwWiss. Berl. 1962b. 51:89-94.

Fritzsche R., Wolfgang H., Opel H. Untersuchungen über die Abhängigkeit der Spinnmilbenvermehrung von dem Ernahrungszustand der Wirtspflanzen. Z. Pfl-Ernähr. Düng. Bodenk. 1957. 78:13-27.

Frogatt W. W. Orchard and garden mites. No. 2. Spinning mites (family Tetranychidae). Agr. Gaz. N. S. W. 1921. 32:130-35.

Frost S. W. The imported red spider (Paratetranychus pilosus C &; F.) attacking apple foliage. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1919. 12:407-08.

Frost S. W. Four year experiments on the control of red spider. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1924. 17:101-04.

Fukuda J., Shinkaji N. Experimental studies on the influence of temperature and relative humidity upon the development of citrus red mite (Metatetranychus citri McGregor). 1. On the influence of temperature and relative humidity upon the development of the eggs. (In Japanese; English summary.) Tökai-Kinki Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 1954. 2:160-71. Hort.

Furr R. E., Pfrimmer T. R. Effects of early-, mid-, and late-season infestation of two-spotted spider mites on the yield of cotton. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1968. 61:1446-47.

Gäbele M. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Gattung Bryobia (Acari, Tetranychidae). Z. angew. Zool. 1959. 46:191-247.

Garlick W. G. Notes on red spider on bush fruits. Rep. Ent. Soc. Ontario. 1929. 59:86-93.

Garman P. The European red mite in Connecticut apple orchards. Conn. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 1923. 252:103-25.

Garman P. Mite species from apple trees in Connecticut. Conn. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 1948. 520:26

Garman P., Kennedy B. H. Effect of soil fertilization on the rate of reproduction of the two-spotted spider mite. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1949. 42:157-58.

Garman P., Townsend J. F. The European red mite and its control. Conn. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 1938. 418:1-34.

Garman P., Townsend J. F. European red mite. Conn. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 1943. 472:234-37.

Gasser R. Zur Kenntnis der gemeinen Spinnmilbe Tetranychus urticae Koch. 1. Mitteilung: Morphologie, Anatomie, Biologie und Oekologie. Mitt. schweiz. ent. Ges. 1951. 24:217-62.

Gasser R. Il problema degli Acari in frutticoltura, viticoltura e floricoltura. Boll. Zool agr. Bachic. s. 1956. 22:81-142.

Gasser R. Beobachtungen über Tetranychus viennensis Zacher. Mitt. schweiz. ent. Ges. 1963. 36:60-61.

Geijskes D. C. Waarnemingen over het fruitspint in verband met zijn bestrijding. Tijdschr. PlZiekt. 1938. 44:49-80.

Geijskes D. C. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der europäischen Spinnmilben (Acari, Tetranychidae) mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der niederländischen Arten. Meded. LandbHoogesch. Wageningen. 1939. 42:1-36.

Geispitz K. F. The effect of the conditions in which preceding generations were reared on the photoperiodic reaction of geographical forms of the cotton spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch). (In Russian.). Tr. Petergofsk. Biol. Inst. Leningrad Gos. Univ. 1960. 18:169-77.

Gentile A. G., Webb R. E., Stoner A. K. Lycopersicon and Solanum spp. resistant to the carmine and the two-spotted spider mite. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1969. 62:834-36.

Georgala M. B. The biology of orchard mites in the western Cape Province. Union S. Africa Dept. Agr. Sci. Bul. 1955. 360:

Georgala M. B. A contribution to the biology of the mite Bryobia praetiosa Koch (Tetranychidae). Union S. Africa Dept. Agr. Sci. Bul. 1958. 367:41

George J. E. Responses of Hemaphysatis leporispalustris to light. Advances in Acarology. 1963. I: Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. p. 425-30.

Gharib A. Paratetranychus (Oligonychus) afrasiaticus (McGregor) (Tetranychidae). (In Persian; French summary.). Entomologie Phytopath. appl. 1967. 26:44-53.

Gibbs K. E., Morrison F. O. The cuticle of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus telarius. Can. Jour. Zool. 1959. 37:634-37.

Gilbert J. C., Chinn J. T., Tanaka J. S. Spider mite tolerance in multiple disease resistance commercial type tomatoes. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 1966. 89:559-62.

Gilliatt F. C. The European red mite, Paratetranychus pilosus C &; F. in Nova Scotia. Can. Jour. Res. D, Zool. 1935. 13:1-17. DOI: 10.1139/cjr35d-001 [CrossRef]

Göksu M. E. Studies on the bionomics, control, distribution, and foodplants of the hawthorn mite (T. viennensis) in the Marmara region. (In Turkish; English summary.). Bitki Koruma Bült. 1968. 8:194-213.

Gould H. J. The effects of Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch) on apple trees (variety Cox) 1965. Proc. 12th Intern. Congr. Ent., London (1964): 617-18

Goodman A. Apparent stimulation of the growth of X-173A cotton by an insecticide. Emp. Cott. Grow. Rev. 1955. 32:93-102.

Gordon H. T. Nutritional factors in insect resistance to chemicals. Ann. Rev. Ent. 1961. 6:27-54. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.en.06.010161.000331 [CrossRef]

Griffith R. D., Wene G. P. Mite injury to sorghum in the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1954. 46:1112-13.

Griffiths J. T. Jr. Possibilities for better citrus insect control through the study of the ecological effects of spray programs. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1951. 44:464-68.

Griffiths J. T. Jr., Fisher F. E. Residues on citrus trees in Florida: changes in purple scale and rust mite populations following the use of various spray materials. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1950. 43:298-305.

Griffiths J. T. Jr., Thompson W. L. The use of DDT on citrus trees in Florida. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1947. 40:386-88.

Grob H. Beobachtungen über den Populationsverlauf der Spinnmilben in der Westschweiz. Mitt. schweiz. ent. Ges. 1951. 24:263-78.

Günthart E. Über Spinnmilben und deren natürliche Feinde. Mitt. schweiz. ent. Ges. 1945. 19:279-308.

Günthart E. Neues über Auftreten und Bekämpfung der Spinnmilben an Reben. Schweiz. Z. Obst.-u. Weinb. 1957. 66:231-36.

Günthart E., Günthart H. Über das Auftreten von Spinnmilben (Tetranychidae) und Raubmilben (Phytoseiidae, Acari) in der Schweiz. 1959. 1:927-28. Verh. 4. Int. PflSchutz. Kongress, Hamburg (1957)

Günthart E., Vogel W. Factors retarding the development of resistant strains of tetranychid mites 1963. Proc. 2nd British Inst. Fung. Conf. (1963): 251-57

Günthart E., Vogel W. L’influence des produits antiparasitaires sur les araignées rouges. Boll. Zool. agric. Bachic. s. 1965. II(7):131-41.

Hamilton C. C. The European red mite. New Jersey Agr. Exp. Sta. Cir. 1926. 187:

Hamilton D. W. Oriental fruit moth control with DDT. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1949. 42:25-28.

Hammer D. H. Some facts and observations regarding summer control of red mite. Proc. N. Y. State Hort. Soc. 1943. 88:174-80.

Hamstead E. O., Gould E. Relation of mite populations and seasonal leaf nitrogen levels in apple orchards. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1957. 50:109-10.

Harries F. H. Effects of certain antibiotics and other compounds on the two-spotted spider mite. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1961. 54:122-24.

Harries F. H. Effects of some antibiotics and other compounds on fertility and mortality of orchard mites. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1963. 56:438-41.

Harries F. H. Reproduction and mortality of the two-spotted spider mite on fruit seedlings treated with chemicals. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1966. 59:501-06.

Harris C. R., Sans W. W. Absorption of organochlorine insecticide residues from agricultural soils by root crops. Jour. Agr. Food Chem. 1967. 15:861-63. DOI: 10.1021/jf60153a022 [CrossRef]

Harrison R. A., Smith A. G. The influence of temperature and relative humidity on the development of eggs and on the effectiveness of ovicides against Tetranychus telarius L. (Acarina: Tetranychidae). N. Z. Jour. Sci. 1961. 4:540-49.

Hassan A. G. Studies on the build-up of red spider mite and aphid populations after the application of certain insecticides on cotton. Bul. Soc. ent. Égypte. 1963. 46:23-29.

Hassan A. S., Hahel A. K. M., El Badry E. A. Infestation of cotton with spider mites (Acarina). Part III: Changes of populations of spider mites and their predators after the use of certain insecticides for the control of late-season pests. Bul. Soc. ent. Égypte. 1959a. 43:379-89.

Hassan A. S., Hahel A. K. M., El Badry E. A. Infestation of cotton with spider mites (Acarina). Part II: Changes of spider mite populations on cotton seedlings after treatment with some synthetic organic insecticides. Bul. Soc. ent. Égypte. 1959b. 43:367-77.

Hassanein M. H. Studies on the effect of certain synthetic organic insecticides on the build-up and increasing population of the red spider mite in Egypt, U. A. R. Mitt. schweiz. ent. Ges. 1963. 36:80

Helle W. Relation between organophosphorus-resistance and non-diapause in spider mites. Nature, London. 1961. 192:1314-15. DOI: 10.1038/1921314a0 [CrossRef]

Helle W. Gentics of resistance to organophosphorus compounds and its relation to diapause in Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari). Tijdschr. PlZiekt. 1962. 68:1-41.

Helle W. Resistance in the Acarina: Mites. Advances in Acarology. 1965. II: Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell University Press. p. 71-93.

Helle W. Fertilization in the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae: Acari). Entomologia exp. appl. 1967. 10:103-10. DOI: 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1967.tb00049.x [CrossRef]

Helle W. Genetic variability of photoperiodic response in an arrhenotokous mite (Tetranychus urticae). Entomologia exp. appl. 1968. 11:101-13. DOI: 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1968.tb00078.x [CrossRef]

Helle W., Bolland H. R. Karyotypes and sex determination in spider mites. Genetica. 1967. 38:43-53. DOI: 10.1007/BF01507446 [CrossRef]

Henderson C. F., Holloway J. K. Influence of leaf age and feeding injury on the citrus red mite. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1942. 35:683-86.

Henneberry T. J. The effect of plant nutrition on the fecundity of two strains of the two-spotted spider mite. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1962a. 55:134-37.

Henneberry T. J. The effect of host plant nitrogen supply and age of leaf tissue on the fecundity of the two-spotted spider mite. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1962b. 55:799-800.

Henneberry T. J. Effect of host plant condition and fertilization on two-spotted spider mite fecundity. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1963. 56:503-05.

Henneberry T. J. Effect of host plant nutrition on susceptibility to malathion of two strains of two-spotted spider mite. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1964. 57:674-76.

Henneberry T. J., Taylor E. A., Smith F. F., Boswell A. L. Comparative acaricidal activity of Tedion, ovex and chlorobenzide against two strains of the two-spotted spider mite. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1960. 53:841-43.

Henneberry T. J., Taylor E. A. The effect of acaricide-insecticide combinations on two-spotted spider mite and aphid populations on outdoor roses. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1962. 55:332-34.

Herbert H. J. Life history and habits of the brown mite, Bryobia arborea M &; A. (Acarina: Tetranychidae). on apple in Nova Scotia. Can. Ent. 1962. 94:934-41. DOI: 10.4039/Ent94934-9 [CrossRef]

Herbert H. J. The brown mite, Bryobia arborea Morgan and Anderson (Acarina: Tetranychidae), on apple in Nova Scotia. I. Influence of intratree distribution on the selection of sampling units. II. Differences in habits and seasonal trends in orchards with bivoltine and trivoltine populations. iii. Distribution of diapause eggs. IV. Hatching of diapause eggs. Can. Ent. 1965. 97:1303-18. DOI: 10.4039/Ent971303-12 [CrossRef]

Herne D. H. C. A study of the effect of DDT on reproduction and development of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus telarius (L.) 1957. M. Sc. Thesis, Univ. of Toronto

Herne D. C., Putman W. L. Notes on the life history and habits of the brown mite, Bryobia arborea Morgan and Anderson (Acarina: Tetranychidae), on peach in Ontario. Can. Ent. 1960. 92:775-79. DOI: 10.4039/Ent92775-10 [CrossRef]

Herrick G. W. Some insect problems, present and future, of the fruit grower. Proc. N. Y. State Hort. Soc. 1929. 74:4-15.

Hirst S. Revision of the English species of red spider (Genera Tetranychus and Oligonychus). Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1920. pp.49-60. (1920)

Hodosevic N. I. Differences in reduction in the spider mite Tetranychus telarius Linné on various host plants. (In Russian.). Trudy nauchno-issled in-te zaš?ity rastenij. 1963. 6:5-8.

Hoffmann C. H., Merkel P. Fluctuations in insect populations associated with aerial applications of DDT to forests. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1948. 41:464-73.

Hogan T. W., Stephens R. M. Codling moth control. DDT trials in Victoria. Jour. Victoria Dept. Agr. (Australia). 1946. 44:423-26.

Holloway J. K., Henderson C. F., McBurnie H. V. Population increase of citrus red mite associated with the use of sprays containing inert granular residues. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1942. 34:348-50.

Hough W. S. Experiments with DDT for codling moth and Comstock mealybug. Va. Fruit. 1945. 33:183-92.

Hough W. S. The control of mites on apple trees sprayed with DDT. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1946. 39:266-67.

Hoyt S. C. Resistance to binapacryl and Union Carbide 19786 in the McDaniel spider mite, Tetranychus mcdanieli. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1966. 59:1278-79.

Hoyt S. C. Population studies of five mite species on apple in Washington 1969. Proc. 2nd Intern. Congr. Acarology, Nottingham (1967): 117-33

Hoyt S. C., Harries F. H. Laboratory and field studies on orchard mite resistance to Kelthane. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1961. 54:12-16.

Hoyt S. C., Kinney J. R. Field evaluation of acaricides for the control of the McDaniel spider mite. Wash. Agr. Exp. Sta. Cir. 1964. 439:13

Huang L., Tien T., Tsai P. A preliminary study on the citrus red mite (Panonychus citri (McG.)). (In Chinese; English summary.). Acta phytopath. sin. 1963. 2:321-30.

Hueck H. J. Influence of light upon the hatching of winter-eggs of the fruit tree red spider. Nature, London. 1951. 167:993-94. DOI: 10.1038/167993a0 [CrossRef]

Hueck H. J. The population dynamics of the fruit tree red spider (Metatetranychus ulmi Koch 1836, Acari, Tetranychidae) with special reference to the influence of DDT 1953. p.148. Diss. Univ. Leiden

Hueck H. J., Kuenen D. J., Van Den Boer P. J., Jaeger-Draafsel E. The increase of egg production of the fruit tree red spider mite under influence of DDT. Physiologia comp. Oecol. 1952. 2:371-77.

Huffaker C. B. A technique for translocation of DDT in plants. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1948. 41:650-51.

Huffaker C. B. Experimental studies on predation: dispersion factors and predator-prey oscillations. Hilgardia. 1958. 27(14):343-83. DOI: 10.3733/hilg.v27n14p343 [CrossRef]

Huffaker C. B., Flaherty D. L. Potential of biological control of 2-spotted spider mite on strawberries in California. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1966. 59:786-92.

Huffaker C. B., Kennett C. E. Experimental studies on predation: Predation and cyclamen mite populations on strawberries in California. Hilgardia. 1956. 26(4):191-222. DOI: 10.3733/hilg.v26n04p191 [CrossRef]

Huffaker C. B., Shea K. P., Herman S. G. Experimental studies on predation: Complex dispersion and levels of food in an acarine predator-prey interaction. Hilgardia. 1963. 34(9):305-30. DOI: 10.3733/hilg.v34n09p305 [CrossRef]

Huffaker C. B., Spitzer C. Jr. Some factors affecting red spider mite populations on pears in California. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1950. 43:819-31.

Huffaker C. B., van de Vrie M., McMurtry J. A. The ecology of tetranychid mites and their natural control. Ann. Rev. Ent. 1969. 14:125-74. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.en.14.010169.001013 [CrossRef]

Hughes T. E. Mites or the Acari. 1959. London: Athlone Press. 225p.

Hukusima S. The effect of varying nitrogen levels in nutrition upon the arthropod fauna in young apple trees with special reference to the increase of the mite and the aphid populations. Bul. Fac. Agr. Hirosaki Univ. 1958. 4:72-79.

Hukusima S. Further experiment on the effect of selective pesticides sprayings on the arthropod community in apple orchards. Res. Bul. Fac. Agr. Gifu-ken Prefect. Univ. (Japan). 1960. 12:61-72.

Hukusima S. The influence of insecticide-fungicide combination programs on the structures of the arthropod community in apple orchards. Res. Bul. Fac. Agr. Gifu-ken Prefect. Univ. (Japan). 1961. 14:38-54.

Hukusima S. Maintenance of the balance of pest-predator complex in apple orchards with insecticide-fungicide treatments. Res. Bul. Fac. Agr. Gifu-ken Prefect. Univ. (Japan). 1963. 18:61-75.

Hukusima S., Tsugawa C., Taneichi K. The effect of spray practice by selective pesticides on the structure of arthropod communities in apple orchards. (In Japanese; English summary.). Res. Bul. Fac. Agr. Gifu-ken Prefect. Univ. (Japan). 1958. 9:55-73.

Hukusima S., Kondo K. The difference of structures of arthropod communities arising from pesticide operations in sprayed and unsprayed pear orchards. Res. Bul. Fac. Agr. Gifu-ken Prefect. Univ. (Japan). 1962. 16:73-91.

Hukusima S., Tabata K. Effect of cycloheximide preparations on fecundity of aphid and mite reared in greenhouse and its relation to nutritional change of host plants. Res. Bul. Agr. Gifu-ken Prefect. Univ. (Japan). 1968. 26:64-75.

Hunter P. E. Effect of Captan upon reproduction in the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus telarius. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1961. 54:204-06.

Hussey N. W., Parr W. J. The effect of glasshouse red spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) on the yield of cucumbers. Jour. Hort. Sci. 1963a. 38:255-63.

Hussey N. W., Parr W. J. Dispersal of the glasshouse red spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acarina, Tetranychidae). Entomologia exp. appl. 1963b. 6:207-14. DOI: 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1963.tb00619.x [CrossRef]

Hussey N. W., Parr W. J. The role of leaf damage assessment in the control of glasshouse red spider mite on cucumbers 1965. Proc. 3rd Brit. Ins. Fung. Conf. (1965): 317-22

Hussey N. W., Parr W. J., Crocker C. D. Effect of temperature on the development of Tetranychus telarius L. Nature, London. 1957. 179:739-40. DOI: 10.1038/179739a0 [CrossRef]

Huwald K. Resistenzentwicklung bei Tetranychus urticae Koch in Abhängigkeit von der Vorgeschichte der Population und dem physiologischen Zustand der Wirtspflanze. Z. angew. Ent. 1965. 56:1-40. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0418.1965.tb02999.x [CrossRef]

Iacob N. Observations on the biological relationship between the brown fruit mite and its predators in sprayed orchards. (In Rumanian.). Lucr. stiit. Inst. Cerc. horti-vitic. 1961. 1:835-45.

Iacob N. New bio-ecological elements of spray warnings with Bryobia rubrioculus Scheuten. Mitt. schweiz. ent Ges. 1963a. 36:59-60.

Iacob N. Researches on the prognoses and treatment warnings against the brown mite of trees (Bryobia rubrioculus Scheut.) by the sequential analysis method. Anal. Sect. Prot. Plant. 1963b. 1:313-34.

Iacob N. Progress in the study and control of fruit tree mites. (In Rumanian.) Gradina, Via Livada. 1964. 13:42-48.

Iglinsky W. Jr., Rainwater C. F. Life history and habits of Tetranychus desertorum and bimaculatus on cotton. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1954. 47:1084-86.

Ignatova E. A. The citrus red mite and its control under the humid sub-tropical conditions of the Krasnodar region. (In Russian.). Subtrop. Kul’tury. 1968. 2:122-26.

Jary S. G., Austin M. D. Department of Entomology. Jour. S.-east Agric. Coll. Wye. 1937. 39:9-15.

Jeppson L. R. Climate and citrus mites. Calif. Citrograph. 1952. 37:277 298, 299

Jeppson L. R. Interrelationships of weather and acaricides with citrus mite infestations. Advances in Acarology. 1963a. I: Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell University Press. p. 9-13.

Jeppson L. R. Cross resistance patterns in Acarina. Advances in Acarology. 1963b. I: Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell University Press. p. 276-82.

Jeppson L. R., Carman G. E. Citrus insects and mites. Ann. Rev. Ent. 1960. 5:353-78. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.en.05.010160.002033 [CrossRef]

Jeppson L. R., Complin J. O., Jesser M. J. Factors influencing citrus red mite populations on navel oranges and scheduling of acaricide applications in southern California. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1961. 54:55-60.

Jeppson L. R., Fleschner C. A., Jesser M. J., Complin J. O. Influence of season and weather on citrus red mite populations on lemons in southern California. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1957. 50:293-300.

Joyce R. J. V. Some observations on the effect of insecticides on the growth of cotton plants. Emp. Cott. Grow. Rev. 1955. 32:266-73.

Kac M. Der Einfluss der Februartemperatur auf die Dynamik der Spinnmilbenpopulation in der Hopfenkultur. Mitt. schweiz. ent. Ges. 1963. 36:58-59.

Kady M. Effects of certain insecticides applied against cotton worms on the population of spider mites in cotton fields, and some control experiments of the spider mites by certain acaricides and mixtures of insecticides and acaricides. Agr. Res. Rev. Cairo. 1964. 42:61-76.

Jeppson L. R. Die Resistenz von Tetranychus telarius (L.) complex gegenüber chemischer Bekämpfungsmittel auf verschiedene Wirtspflanzen (Acarina). Bul. Soc. ent. Égypte. 1965. 48(1964):61-61.

Kamal A. L., Woodbridge C. G. The effects of some insecticides on the nitrogen fraction of Bartlett pear leaf tissue. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 1960. 76:68-73.

Kemp H. K. Codling moth control. Jour. Dept. Agr. S. Aust. 1947. 51:184-86.

King D. R. Control of Acrobasis caryas and Tetranychus hicoriae on pecan. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1954. 47:713-14.

Kirby A. H. M., Gambrill R. C. The hatching of summer eggs of the fruit tree red spider mite Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch) under artificial conditions. Rep. E. Malling Res. Sta. for. 1954. 1953:175-79.

Klein H. Z. Contributions to the knowledge of the red spiders in Palestine. Bul. Agr. Res. Sta. Rehovot. 1963. 21:63

Klostermeyer E. C. Insecticide-induced population changes in four mite species on alfalfa. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1959. 52:991-94.

Klostermeyer E. C., Rasmussen W. B. The effect of soil insecticide treatment on mite populations and damage. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1953. 46:910-12.

Kolbe W. Untersuchungen über das Auftreten und die Bekämpfung der Obstbaumspinnmilbe Panonychus ulmi Koch. Erwerbobstbau. 1968. 10:41-46.

Kremer F. W. Untersuchungen zur Biologie, Epidemiologie und Bekämpfung von Bryobia praetiosa Koch. Höfchenbr. Bayer PflSchutz-Nachr. 1956. 4:5-65.

Kriegler P. J. Die huidige status van boordmyte op sagtevrugte in Wes-Kaapland. Techn. Commun. Dept. Agr. Techn. Serv. S. Afr. 1964. 12:37-42.

Kriegler P. J., Meyer M. K. P. The taxonomic status of the red spider mite on deciduous fruit trees in the Western Cape (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Jour. Ent. Soc. S. Afr. 1963. 26:79-81.

Kuenen D. J. Spint op vruchtbomen. Tijdschr. PlZiekt. 1943. 49:130-31.

Kuenen D. J. Het fruitspint en zijn bestrijding. Meded. TuinbVoorlDienst. 1946a. 44:68

Kuenen D. J. Het winterei van het fruitspint (Metatetranychus ulmi Koch) en zijn bestrijding. Tijdschr. PlZiekt. 1946b. 52:69-82.

Kuenen D. J. The fruit tree red spider mite (Metatetranychus ulmi Koch, Tetranychidae, Acari) and its relation to its host plant. Tijdschr. Ent. 1949. 91:83-102.

Kuenen D. J. Influence of sublethal doses of DDT upon the multiplication rate of Sitophilus granarius (Coleopt. Curculionidae). Entomologia exp. appl. 1958. 1:147-52. DOI: 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1958.tb00018.x [CrossRef]

Kuenen D. J., Post A. Influence of treatments on predators and other limiting factors of Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch). 1958. 4:611-15. Proc. 10th Intern. Congr. Ent., Montreal (1956)

Laing J. E. Life history and life table of Tetranychus urticae Koch. Acarologia. 1969. 9:32-42.

Lamiman J. F. The morphology and biology of the common red spider Tetranychus telarius (Linn.) (Acarina: Tetranychidae) 1931. Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. of California, Berkeley

Lamiman J. F. The Pacific mite, Tetranychus pacificus McG. in California. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1935. 28:900-03.

Landis R. J., Davis E. W. Two-spotted spider mite damage to potatoes. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1947. 40:565

Landis R. J., Gibson K. E. Abundance of mites on potatoes treated with DDT, sulphur, parathion or malathion for aphid control. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1953. 46:1025-29.

Langenscheidt M., Schmutterer H. Zur Wirkung und Wirkungsweise von Flavomycin auf die Gewächshausspinnmilbe Tetranychus urticae f. dianthica Dosse. Z. PflKrankh. PflSchutz. 1969. 76:129-47.

Lathrop F. H. Sidelights on European mite control. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1951. 44:509-14.

Lathrop F. H., Hilborn M. T. European red mite control. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1950. 43:172-75.

LeClerg E. L. Losses in agriculture. U. S. Dept. Agr. A. R. S. Handbook. 1965. 291:120

Lees A. D. The water balance in Ixodes ricinus L. and certain other species of ticks. Parasitology. 1946. 37:1-20. DOI: 10.1017/S0031182000013093 [CrossRef]

Lees A. D. Diapause and photoperiodism in the fruit tree red spider mite (Metatetranychus ulmi Koch). Nature, London. 1950. 166:874-75. DOI: 10.1038/166874a0 [CrossRef]

Lees A. D. Environmental factors controlling the evocation and termination of diapause in the fruit tree red spider mite, Metatetranychus ulmi Koch (Acarina, Tetranychidae). Ann. Appl. Biol. 1953a. 40:449-86. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1953.tb02387.x [CrossRef]

Lees A. D. The significance of light and dark phases in the photoperiodic control of diapause in Metatetranychus ulmi. Ann. Appl. Biol. 1953b. 40:487-97. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1953.tb02388.x [CrossRef]

Lees A. D. On the structure of the egg shell in the mite Petrobia latens Muller. Jour. Insect Physiol. 1961. 6:146-51. DOI: 10.1016/0022-1910(61)90036-1 [CrossRef]

Lehr R., Smith F. F. The reproductive capacity of three strains of the two-spotted spider mite complex. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1957. 50:634-36.

Leigh T. F. Considerations of distribution, abundance, and control of acarine pests of cotton. Advances in Acarology. 1963a. I: Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell University Press. p. 14-20.

Leigh T. F. The influence of two systemic organophosphates on growth, fruiting, and yield of cotton in California. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1963b. 56:517-22.

Leigh T. F., Hyer A. Spider mite resistant cotton. Calif. Agr. 1963. 17(2):6-7.

LeRoux E. J. Effects of various levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in nutrient solution on the fecundity of two-spotted spider mite. Can. Jour. Agr. Sci. 1954. 34:145-51.

LeRoux E. J. Effects of various levels of calcium, magnesium and sulfur in nutrient solutions on fecundity of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus telarius L. reared on cucumber. Can. Jour. Sci. 1959. 39:92-97.

Leski R. Experiments on the control of the plum sawflies (H. minuta and H. flava) and combined sprays for simultaneous control of the European red mite. (In Polish; English summary.). Roczn. Nauk. roln. 1961. 83(A):587-617.

Leski R. Effects of pesticides on the fauna of orchards. (In Polish; English summary.). Zesz. probl. Postep. Nauk. roln. 1966. 60:53-103.

Leski R., Predki S. Investigations on the biology of the European red mite Panonychus ulmi Koch (Acari, Tetranychidae). (In Polish; English summary.). Polskie Pismo ent., Seria B, 3/4. 1964. 20:157-88.

Lewis H. C., Schilling W. E. Spread of citrus red mite into interior districts. Calif. Citrogr. 1950. 35:364

Lichtenstein E. P., Schulz K. Translocation of some chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides into the aerial parts of pea plants. Jour. Agr. Food Chem. 1960. 8:452-56. DOI: 10.1021/jf60112a008 [CrossRef]

Lienk S. E. A possible method for predicting the “peak” period of the European red mite activity 1963. Proc. 1963 Ann. Mtg N. Y. State Hort. Soc.: 1-4

Lienk S. E. European red mite—a major apple pest. Farm Res. 1967. 33:3 13

Lienk S. E., Chapman P. J. Influence of the presence or absence of the European red mite on the two-spotted mite abundance. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1951. 44:623

Lienk S. E., Chapman P. J. Effect of winter temperature of 1956-57 on the survival rate of the European red mite eggs. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1958. 51:263

Lienk S. E., Chapman P. J., Curtis O. F. Responses of apple trees to mite infestations II. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1956. 49:350-53.

Liesering R. Zur Kenntnis der Spinnmilbe Tetranychus althaeae v. Hanst. sowie ihre Wechselbeziehungen zur Pflanze 1958. Diss. Univ. Würzburg

Liesering R. Beitrag zum phytopathologischen Wirkungsmechanismen von Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Tetranychidae, Acari). Z. PflKrankh. Pflpath. PflSchutz. 1960. 67:524-42.

Light W. I. St. G., John M. E., Gould H. J., Coghill K. J. Hatching of the winter eggs of the fruit tree red spider mite (Panonychus ulmi (Koch)). Ann. Appl. Biol. 1968. 62:227-39. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1968.tb02818.x [CrossRef]

Linke W. Untersuchungen über Biologie und Epidemiologie der gemeinen Spinnmilbe, Tetranychus althaeae v. Hanst. unter Berücksichtigung des Hopfens als Wirtspflanze. Höfchenbr. Bayer PflSchutzNachr. 1953. 6:185-238.

Listo J., Listo E. M., Kanervo V. A study on the fruit tree red mite (Paratetranychus pilosus C &; F). (In Finnish; English summary.). Valt. Maatalouskoet. Julk. 1939. 99:143

Livsic I. Z. Synopsis of the fauna of Tetranychus mites in fruit orchards. (In Russian; English summary.). Sb. nauch. Trud. gos. Nikitsk. botan. sad. 1964. 37:135-148.

Lloyd L. Red spider on cucumbers and tomatoes. Rep. exp. Res. Sta. Cheshunt for. 1922. 1921:41-46.

Lo P. K. C., Tao C. C.-c. Studies on the natural enemies of citrus red mite with a discussion on their security from methods of chemical control of citrus pests. Jour. Agr. Assn. China. 1964. 48:35-49.

Löcher F. J. Der Einfluss von Dichlordiphenyltrichlomethylmethan (DDT) auf einige Tetranychiden (Acari, Tetranychidae). Z. angew. Zool. 1958. 45:201-48.

Lord F. T. The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia. II. Oystershell scale, Lepidosaphes ulmi (L.). Can. Ent. 1947. 79:196-209. DOI: 10.4039/Ent79196-11 [CrossRef]

Lord F. T. The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia. III. Mites and their predators. Can. Ent. 1949. 81:202-30. DOI: 10.4039/Ent81202-8 [CrossRef]

Lord F. T. The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia. IX. Studies on means of altering predator populations. Can. Ent. 1956. 88:129-37. DOI: 10.4039/Ent88129-3 [CrossRef]

Lord F. T. The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia. XI. Effects of low dosages of DDT on predator populations. Can. Ent. 1962. 94:204-16. DOI: 10.4039/Ent94204-2 [CrossRef]

Lord F. T., Stewart D. K. R. Effects of increasing the nitrogen level of apple leaves on mite and predator populations. Can. Ent. 1961. 93:924-27. DOI: 10.4039/Ent93924-10 [CrossRef]

Luckey T. D. Insecticide hormoligosis. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1968. 61:7-12.

MacPhee A. W. Mortality of winter eggs of the European red mite Panonychics ulmi (Koch), at low temperatures, and its ecological significance. Can. Jour. Zool. 1961. 39:229-43. DOI: 10.1139/z61-027 [CrossRef]

Malcom D. R. Biology and control of the timothy mite. Wash. State College Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bul. 1955. 17:35

Marlé G. Observations on the dispersal of the fruit tree red spider mite, Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch). Rep. E. Malling Res. Sta. for. 1951. 1950:155-59.

Marneffe R., Delhaye R. Araignée rouge Eotetranychus telarius. C. r. Rech. Inst. Encour. Rech. scient. Ind. Agric. 1953. pp.149-69.

Massee A. M. Notes on insect and other pests in 1925. Rep. E. Malling Res. Sta. for 1925, 13, pt. 1927. 2(suppl.):157-60.

Massee A. M. The fruit tree red spider. Rep. E. Malling Res. Sta. for. 1929. 1928:116-22.

Massee A. M. Problems arising from the use of insecticides. Effect on the balance of animal populations. Rep. E. Malling Res. Sta. 1954. 1953:137-40.

Massee A. M. The effect on the balance of arthropod populations in orchards arising from unrestricted use of chemicals. 1958. 3:163-68. Proc. 10th Intern. Congr. Ent. Montreal (1956)

Massee A. M., Steer W. Tar-distillate washes and red spider. Jour. Minist. Agr. (London). 1929. 36:253-57.

Mathys G. Contribution éthologique à la résolution du complexe Bryobia praetiosa Koch (Acar. Tetranych.). Mitt. schweiz. ent. Ges. 1954. 27:138-46.

Mathys G. Étude faunistique des acariens des pommiers en Suisse Romande. Ann. agric. Suisse. 1955. 56:815-25.

Mathys G. Contribution à la connaissance de la systématique et de la biologie du genre Bryobia en Suisse Romande. Bul. Soc. Ent. Suisse. 1957. 30:189-284.

Mathys G. The control of phytophagous mites in Swiss vineyards by Typhlodromus mites. 1958. 4:607-10. Proc. 10th Intern. Congr. Ent., Montreal (1965)

Mathys G. Tetranychus viennensis Zacher, l’acarien de l’aubépine. Rev. romande Agric. Vitic. Arboric. 1960. 16:6-7.

Mathys G. Étude de la résistance de l’araignée rouge aux acaricides (Panonychus ulmi Koch et Tetranychus urticae Koch). Agric. rom. 1963. 2(11):99

Mathys G., Baggiolini M., Stahl J. Influence of pesticides and fertilizers on the behaviour of phytophagous mites in orchards and under laboratory conditions. Entomophaga. 1968. 13:357-72. DOI: 10.1007/BF02371918 [CrossRef]

McEnroe W. D. The control of water loss by the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus telarius). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 1961a. 54:883-87.

McEnroe W. D. Guanine excretion by the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus telarius (L.). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 1961b. 54:925-26.

McEnroe W. D. The role of the digestive system in the water balance of the two-spotted spider mite. Advances in Acarology. 1963. I: Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell University Press. p. 225-31.

McEnroe W. D. Eyes of the female two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. I. Morphology. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 1969a. 62:461-66.

McEnroe W. D. The photoresponse of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae K., to skyshine. Acarologia. 1969b. XI:281-83.

McEnroe W. D., Dronka K. Color vision in the adult female two-spotted spider mite. Science. 1966. 154:782-84. DOI: 10.1126/science.154.3750.782-a [CrossRef]

McEnroe W. D., Dronka K. Eye of the female two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. II. Behavioral analysis of the photoreceptors. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 1969. 62:466-69.

McGregor E. A. The red spider on cotton. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Cir. 1913. 172:22

McGregor E. A. Red spider control. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1914. 7:324-36.

McGregor E. A. A new spinning mite attacking raspberry in Michigan. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 1931. 33:193-94.

McGregor E. A. The avocado mite of California, a new species. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 1941. 43:85-88.

McGregor E. A. Sulfur dust as a supplement to cyanide fumigation for control of black scale and its effect on citrus red mite. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1942. 35:355-58.

McGregor E. A. Mites of the family Tetranychidae. Am. Midl. Naturalist. 1950. 44:257-420. DOI: 10.2307/2421963 [CrossRef]

McGregor E. A., McDonough F. The red spider on cotton. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bul. 1917. 416:72

McGregor E. A., Newcomer E. J. Taxonomic status of the deciduous fruit Paratetranychus, with reference to the citrus mite (P. citri). Jour. Agr. Res. 1928. 36:157-81.

McMurtry J. A. Some factors of foliage condition limiting growth of Oligonychus punicae (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 1970. 63:406-12.

McMurtry J. A., Johnson H. G. An ecological study of the spider mite Oligonychus punicae (Hirst) and its natural enemies. Hilgardia. 1966. 37(11):363-402. DOI: 10.3733/hilg.v37n11p363 [CrossRef]

McMurtry J. A., Scriven G. T. Studies on predator-prey interactions between Amblyseius hibisci and Oligonychus punicae (Acarina: Phytoseiidae, Tetranychidae), under greenhouse conditions. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 1966. 59:793-800.

Mehrotra K. N. Carbohydrate metabolism in the two-spotted mite (Tetranychus telarius). Bul. Ent. Soc. Amer. 1960. 6:151

Mehrotra K. N. Carbohydrate metabolism in the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus telarius L. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 1961. 3:184-98. DOI: 10.1016/0010-406X(61)90054-8 [CrossRef]

Mehrotra K. N. Carbohydrate metabolism in the two-spotted spider mite. Advances in Acarology. 1963. I: Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell University Press. p. 232-37.

Menzel R. Bekampfung tierischer Schädlinge mit DDT-präparate. Schweiz. Z. Obst- u. Weinb. 1947. 56:70-75.

Messenger P. S. Bioclimate studies with insects. Ann. Rev. Ent. 1959. 4:183-206. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.en.04.010159.001151 [CrossRef]

Michelbacher A. E. Spider mites on walnut in northern California. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1959. 52:936-39.

Michelbacher A. E., Middlekauff W. W. Codling moth investigations on the Payne variety of English walnut in northern California. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1949. 42:736-46.

Michelbacher A. E., Middlekauf W. W., Bacon O. G. Mites on melons in northern California. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1952. 45:365-70.

Miller L. W. Factors influencing diapause in the European red mite. Nature, London. 1950. 166:875 DOI: 10.1038/166875a0 [CrossRef]

Miller L. W. The hatching of the overwintering eggs of the European red mite. Tasm. Jour. Agr. 1952. 23(2):102-16.

Milne D. L. Mites on tobacco. S. Afr. Jour. Agr. Sci. 1962. 5:333-34.

Mohamed I. I. Acarine mites occurring on cotton plants in Egypt. Bul. Soc. ent. Égypte. 1963. 46:511

Morgan C. V. G. Anatomical characters distinguishing Bryobia arborea M. &; A. and B. praetiosa Koch (Acarina: Tetranychidae) from various areas of the world. Can. Ent. 1960. 92:595-604. DOI: 10.4039/Ent92595-8 [CrossRef]

Morgan C. V. G., Anderson N. H. Bryobia arborea n. sp. and morphological characters distinguishing it from B. praetiosa Koch. (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Can. Ent. 1957. 89:485-90. DOI: 10.4039/Ent89485-11 [CrossRef]

Morgan C. V. G., Anderson N. H., Swales J. E. Influences of some fungicides on orchard mites in British Columbia. Can. Jour. Pl. Sci. 1958. 38:94-105. DOI: 10.4141/cjps58-015 [CrossRef]

Mori H. On the phototaxis in the fruit tree red spider mite, Metatetranychus ulmi (C. L. Koch 1835) with special reference to aggregation of larvae. Mem. Fac. Agric. Hokkaido Univ. 1955. 2:105-11.

Mori H. The influence of temperature and relative humidity upon the development of the eggs of fruit tree red spider mite Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch) (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Jour. Fac. Agric. Hokkaido (imp.) Univ. 1957. 50:363-70.

Mori H. On the seasonal fluctuations of population of fruit tree red spider mite in Sapporo (Acarina, Tetranychidae). Jap. Jour. Appl. Ent. Zool. 1961a. 5:197-202. DOI: 10.1303/jjaez.5.197 [CrossRef]

Mori H. Comparative studies of thermal reaction in four species of spider mites. (Acarina; Tetranychidae). Jour. Fac. Agric. Hokkaido (imp.). Univ. 1961b. 51:574-91.

Mori H. Seasonal differences of phototactic responses in three species of spider mites (Acarina, Tetranychidae). Jour. Fac. Agric. Hokkaido (imp.) Univ. 1962a. 52:1-9.

Mori H. The effects of photo-stimulus on the thermal reaction in four species of spider mites. Jour. Fac. Agric. Hokkaido (imp.) Univ. 1962b. 52:10-19.

Mori H. A review of biology on spider mites and their predators in Japan. Mushi. 1967. 40(5):47-65.

Mori H., Chant D. A. The influence of humidity on the activity of Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot and its prey Tetranychus urticae (C. L. Koch) (Acarina: Phytoseiidae, Tetranychidae). Can. Jour. Zool. 1966. 44:863-71. DOI: 10.1139/z66-087 [CrossRef]

Morris O. H. The development of the clover mite, Bryobia praetiosa (Koch) in relation to the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrition of its host plant. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 1961. 54:551-56.

Moutia L. A. Contribution to the study of some phytophagous acarina and their predators in Mauritius. Bul. Ent. Res. 1958. 40:59-75. DOI: 10.1017/S0007485300053438 [CrossRef]

Muir R. C. The effect of sprays on the fauna of apple trees. III. The influence of certain fungicides and petal-fall insecticides on the fruit tree red spider mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) and its predators. Rep. E. Malling Res. Sta. for. 1965. 1964:167-70.

Müller E. W. Das Spinnmilbenproblem in Obstbau. Dte. Gartenb. 1959. 6:25-28.

Müller E. W. Untersuchungen über den Einfluss chemischer Pflanzenschutzmittel auf den Populationsverlauf von Spinnmilben und Raubmilben im Obstbau. NachrBl. dt. PflSchutzdienst, Berl. 1960. 14(40):221-30.

Müller G. F. W. Morphologie, Biologie und Bekämpfung der Weisdornspinnmilbe Tetranychus viennensis Zacher (Acari, Tetranychidae). Höfchenbr. Bayer PflSchutz-Nachr. 1957. 10:1-60.

Muma M. H. Predators and parasites of citrus mites in Florida. 1958. 4:633-48. Proc. 10th Intern. Congr. Ent., Montreal (1956)

Muma M. H. The influence of cover crop cultivation on populations of injurious insects and mites in Florida citrus groves. Fla. Ent. 1961a. 44:61-68. DOI: 10.2307/3492315 [CrossRef]

Muma M. H. Mites associated with citrus in Florida. Univ. Fla. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 1961b. 640:39

Munger F. Factors affecting growth and multiplication of the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 1963. 56:867-74.

Musa S., Dosse G. Preliminary studies on Panonychus ulmi Koch in Lebanon. Magon, Inst. Rech. Agr. Liban, publ. no. 1966. 8(Ser. sci.):1-14.

Musa S., Dosse G., Tebcherany M. Studies on Panonychus ulmi (Koch) in Lebanon. Magon, Inst. Rech. Agr. Liban, publ. no. 1968. 20(Ser. sci.):1-27.

Naegele J. A., McEnroe W. D., Soans A. B. Spectral sensitivity and orientation response of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae K. from 350 m? to 700 m ?. Jour. Insect Physiol. 1966. 12:1187-95. DOI: 10.1016/0022-1910(66)90131-4 [CrossRef]

Neiswander C. R., Rodriguez G., Neiswander R. B. Natural and induced variations in two-spotted spider mite populations. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1950. 43:633-36.

Newcomer E. J. Identity of Tetranychus pacificus and mcdanieli. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1954. 47:460-62.

Newcomer E. J., Yothers M. A. Biology of the European red mite in the Pacific Northwest. U. S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bul. 1929. 89:70

Newell I. M. Bionomical studies on the Pacific mite, Tetranychus pacificus McGregor (Acarina, Tetranychidae) in central Washington 1941. Master’s Thesis, Washington State College, Pullman

Nickel J. L. Temperature and humidity relationships of Tetranychus desertorum Banks with special reference to distribution. Hilgardia. 1960. 30(2):41-100. DOI: 10.3733/hilg.v30n02p041 [CrossRef]

Nielsen G. L. Biology of the McDaniel mite, Tetranychus mcdanieli McGregor in Utah. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1958. 51:588-92.

Nuber K. Zur Frage der Überwinterung der Gemeinen Spinnmilbe Tetranychus urticae Koch im Hopfenbau (Acari, Tetranychidae). Höfchenbr. Bayer PflSchutz-Nachr. 1961. 1:6-15.

Nucifora A. Vecchi e nuovi dannosi agli agrumi in Italia. Tec. Agric. Catania. 1960. 12:501-13.

Oatman E. R. Effects of preblossom miticides and subsequent insecticide applications on mite populations on apple in Wisconsin. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1965. 58:335-43.

Oatman E. R. Studies on integrated control of apple pests. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1966. 59:368-73.

Oatman E. R. Integration of Phytoseiulus persimilis with native predators for control of the two-spotted spider mite on rhubarb. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1970. 63:1177-80.

Oatman E. R., McMurtry J. A. Biological control of the two-spotted spider mite on strawberry in southern California. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1966. 59:433-39.

Oliver J. H. Comments on karyotypes and sex determination in the Acari. Acarologia. 1964. 6:288-93.

Oliver J. H. Cytogenetics of ticks (Acari, Ixodoidea). II. Multiple sex chromosomes. Chromosoma. 1965a. 17:323-27. DOI: 10.1007/BF00348791 [CrossRef]

Oliver J. H. Karyotypes and sex determination in some Dermanyssid mites (Acarina: Mesostigmata). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 1965b. 58:567-73.

O’Neill W. J., Hantsbarger W. H. Apple and pear investigations at the tree fruit experiment station. Proc. Wash. State Hort. Assn. 1952. 48:170-73.

Ortega J. C. Codling moth on walnut. Calif. Agric. 1948. 2(7):4

Osakabe M. Ecological study of the tea red spider mite (Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida). 4. The influence of temperature and relative humidity upon the development of the egg. (In Japanese; English summary.). Study of Tea. 1959. 20:33-37.

Osakabe M. On the diapause of the tea red spider mite, Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida. Study of Tea. 1962. 26:12-24.

Osakabe M. Studies on the resistance of tea plant to the tea red spider mite Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida (Acarina: Tetranychidae). (In Japanese; English summary.). Jap. Jour. Appl. Ent. Zool. 1963a. 7:181-86. DOI: 10.1303/jjaez.7.181 [CrossRef]

Osakabe M. A note on the effect of the fertilizers on the population density of the tea red spider mite, Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida, on the tea plant. (In Japanese; English summary.). Study of Tea. 1963b. 28:11-14.

Osakabe M. Biological studies on the tea red spider mite, Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida, in tea plantation. Bul. Tea Res. Sta. Min. Agr. For. 1967. 4:35-156.

Overmeer W. P. J. Intersterility as a consequence of insecticide selections in Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari, Tetranychidae). Nature, London. 1966. 209:21 DOI: 10.1038/209321a0 [CrossRef]

Overmeer W. P. J. Genetics of resistance to Tedion in Tetranychus urticae C. L. Koch 1967. p.54. Diss. Univ. Amsterdam

Paradis R. O. Cycle évolutif du tétranyque à deux points, Tetranychus bimaculatus Harvey (Acari: Tetranychidae), dans le sud-ouest du Quebec. Natur. Canad. 1955. 82:5-29.

Parent B. Influence de la température sur le développement embryonnaire et post-embryonnaire de tétranyque rouge du pommier, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acariens: Tetranychidae) Ann. Soc. Ent. Quebec. 1965. 10:3-10.

Parent B. Population studies of phytophagous mites and predators on apple in southwestern Quebec. Can. Ent. 1967. 99:771-78. DOI: 10.4039/Ent99771-7 [CrossRef]

Parent B., Beaulieu A. A. Life history of the European red mite. Can. Ent. 1957. 89:328-33. DOI: 10.4039/Ent89328-7 [CrossRef]

Parr W. J., Hussey N. W. Further studies on the reproductive isolation of geographical strains in the Tetranychus telarius complex. Entomologia exp. appl. 1960. 3:137-41. DOI: 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1960.tb02120.x [CrossRef]

Parr W. J., Hussey N. W. Response of the cucumber plant to different levels of artificial leaf damage in an attempt to simulate the effects of red spider. Rep. Glasshouse Crops Res. Inst. 1962. 1961:95-99.

Parr W. J., Hussey N. W. Diapause in the glasshouse red spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch): a synopsis of present knowledge. Hort. Res. 1966. 6:1-21.

Pasfield G., Bryden J. D. Codling moth control experiments at Bathurst using DDT, “666” and lead arsenate. Agr. Gaz. N.S.W. 1946. 57:535-38.

Pasfield G., Hobeche J. Codling moth control experiments using DDT, 666, and lead arsenate at Orange. Agr. Gaz. N.S.W. 1946. 57:488-91.

Peterson P. D. Field experiments with DDT and BHC sprays on apple and peach in 1946. Trans. Penn. Hort. Soc. 1947. 1946:82-84.

Pickett A. D. A critique on insect chemical control methods. Can. Ent. 1949. 81:67-76. DOI: 10.4039/Ent8167-3 [CrossRef]

Pickett W. F., Birkeland C. J. Common spray materials alter the internal structures of apple leaves. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 1941. 38:158-62.

Pickett W. F., Birkeland C. J. Further studies on the effect of common spray materials on the internal structure of apple leaves. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 1942. 40:69-70.

Pickett A. D., Putman W. L., Leroux E. J. Progress in harmonizing biological and chemical control of arthropod pests in Eastern Canada. 1958. 3:169-74. Proc. 10th Intern. Congr. Ent., Montreal (1956)

Pielou D. P. Contagious distribution in the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), and a method of grading population densities from a count of mite-free leaves. Can. Jour. Zool. 1960a. 38:645-53. DOI: 10.1139/z60-068 [CrossRef]

Pielou D. P. The effect of DDT on oviposition and behavior in the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi Koch. Can. Jour. Zool. 1960b. 38:1147-51. DOI: 10.1139/z60-119 [CrossRef]

Pielou D. P. The ineffectiveness of Sevin in increasing oviposition in the spider mite Tetranychus telarius (L.). Can. Jour. Zool. 1962. 40:9-11. DOI: 10.1139/z62-003 [CrossRef]

Plaut H. N., Cohen M. The two-spotted (carmine) spider mite Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisd. on apple in Israel. Identity, history of control, and two control field tests. Z. angew. Ent. 1967. 60:460-66. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0418.1967.tb02083.x [CrossRef]

Plaut H. N., Feldmann M. Observations on populations of Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisd. and Tetranychus urticae Koch on apple trees in an experimental orchard sprayed with different insecticides. Prelim. Rep. no. 1966. 540:16 Nat. Univ. Inst. Agr. Rehovot

Plaut H. N., Feldmann M. Effects of Sevin and DDT on the density of field populations of Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisd. Entomophaga, Mém. h. s. 1967. 3:89-93.

Polcik B., Nowosielski J. W., Naegele J. A. Daily rhythm of oviposition in the two-spotted spider mite. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1965. 58:467-69.

Post A. Invloed van cultuurmaatregelen op de dierlijke levensgemeenschappen in boomgaarden. Meded. Dir. Tuinb. 1958. 21:612-21.

Post A. The influence of cultural practices on the development of phytophagous mites. Meded. LandbHoogesch. OpzoekStns Gent. 1961. 26:1098-1103.

Post A. Effect of cultural measures on the population density of the fruit tree red spider mite, Metatetranychus ulmi Koch (Acari, Tetranychidae) 1962. p.110. Diss. Univ. Leiden

Potter C. Resistance of insects to insecticides. The effect of age and stage of development and nutrition. Chem. Ind. Rev. 1956. 42:1178-81.

Pratt R. M., Thompson W. L. Spray programs, varieties, and weather conditions in relation to six-spotted mite and purple mite infestations. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 1953. 66:65-69.

President’s Science Advisory Committee—A Panel. Cotton insects. 1965. Washington, D. C.: The White House.

Pritchard A. E., Baker E. W. A guide to the spider mites of deciduous fruit trees. Hilgardia. 1952. 21(9):253-387. DOI: 10.3733/hilg.v21n09p253 [CrossRef]

Pritchard A. E., Baker E. W. A revision of the spider mite family Tetranychidae. Mem. Ser. 1955. 2:472 San Francisco Pacif. Coast Ent. Soc

Putman W. L. Mortality of the European red mite (Acarina, Tetranychidae) from secretion of peach leaf nectaries. Can. Ent. 1958. 90:720-21. DOI: 10.4039/Ent90720-12 [CrossRef]

Putman W. L. Fecundity and rate of development of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acarina: Tetranychidae), on leaves from an abandoned peach orchard. Can. Jour. Zool. 1964. 42:719-23. DOI: 10.1139/z64-068 [CrossRef]

Putman W. L., Herne D. C. Gross effects of some pesticides on populations of phytophagous mites in Ontario peach orchards and their economic implications. Can Ent. 1959. 91:567-79. DOI: 10.4039/Ent91567-9 [CrossRef]

Putman W. L., Herne D. C. Effects of Sevin on phytophagous mites and predators in an Ontario peach orchard. Can. Jour. Pl. Sci. 1960. 40:198-201. DOI: 10.4141/cjps60-025 [CrossRef]

Quayle H. J. Red spiders and mites of citrus trees. Univ. Calif. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 1912. 234:483-530.

Quayle H. J. Insects of citrus and other subtropical crops. 1938. Ithaca, N. Y.: Comstock Publ. Co. 583p.

Qureshi A. H., Oatman E. R., Fleschner C. A. Biology of the spider mite, Tetranychus evansi. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 1969. 62:898-903.

Rahman K. A., Sapra A. N. Biology of the mite Paratetranychus indicus Hirst, a pest of the sugarcane in the Punjab. Indian Jour. Ent. 1940. 2:201-12.

Rambier A. Un acarien nuisible méconnu: le tétranyque du pommier (Amphytetranychus viennensis Zacher, 1920). C. r. Ac Agric. Paris. 1954. 8:340-43.

Rambier A. Les acariens phytophages dans les vignobles méditerranéens 1964. pp.421-23. Compt. Rend. I^er Intern. Congr. Acarology, Fort Collins, Colo., U. S. A. (1963)

Rambier A. Études de quelques populations de Tetranychus urticae Koch. Boll. Zool. agr. Bachic. s. 1965. II(7):51-59.

Rao V. P., Sudha Rao V. Two new records of predacious mites from India. Commonwealth Inst. Biol. Control. Tech. Bul. 1964. 4:38-39.

Razumova A. P. Variability of photoperiodic reaction in a number of successive generations of spider mites (Acarina). (In Russian; English translation, Ent. Rev. 1967. 46:159-61. Ent.) Obozr. 46: 268-72

Reck G. F. Rod Bryobia Koch (Tetranychidae) po materialem iz Gruzzi. Soobshch. Akad. Nauk. gruz. SSR. 1947. 8(9):653-60.

Redenz-Rüsh I. Untersuchungen über die Schädlings- und Nützlingsfauna einer Obstanlage im “Bergischen Land” und deren Beeinflussung durch chemische Bekämpfungsmittel. Höfchenbr. Bayer PflSchutzNachr. 1959. 12:171-258.

Reed T. W. Problems of the European red mite on prunes in Western New York. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1936. 29:546-50.

Reiff M. Physiologische Merkmale bei Spinnmilben (Acari, Tetranychidae) nach Veränderung des Blattstoffwechsels. Verh. schweiz. naturf. Ges. 1949. 29:165-66.

Reynolds H. T., Dickson R. C., Hannibal R. M., Laird E. F. Effects of the green peach aphid, southern garden leaf hopper, and carmine spider mite populations upon yield of sugar beets in the Imperial Valley. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1967. 60:1-7.

Ripper W. E. Effects of pesticides on the balance of arthropod populations. Ann. Rev. Ent. 1956. 1:403-38. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.en.01.010156.002155 [CrossRef]

Robinson A. G. Annotated list of predators of tetranychid mites in Manitoba. 82nd Ann. Rept. Ent. Soc. Ontario. 1952. 1951:33-37.

Rodriguez J. G. Mineral nutrition of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus bimaculatus Harvey. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 1951. 44:511-26.

Rodriguez J. G. The comparative N P K nutrition of Panonychus ulmi (Koch) and Tetranychus telarius (L.) on apple trees. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1958. 51:369-73.

Rodriguez J. G. Nutritional studies in the Acarina. Acarologia, fasc. h. s. 1964. 1964:324-37.

Rodriguez J. G., Campbell J. M. Effects of gibberellin on nutrition of the mites Tetranychus telarius and Panonychus ulmi. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1961. 54:984-87.

Rodriguez J. G., Chen H. H., Smith W. T. Jr. Effects of soil insecticides on beans, soybeans, and cotton and resulting effect on mite nutrition. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1957. 50:587-93.

Rodriguez J. G., Maynard D. E., Smith W. T. Jr. Effects of soil insecticides on apple trees and resulting effect on mite nutrition. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1960a. 53:487-90.

Rodriguez J. G., Maynard D. E., Smith W. T. Jr. Effects of soil insecticides and absorbents on plant sugars and resulting effect on mite nutrition. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1960b. 53:491-95.

Rodriguez J. G., Neiswander R. B. The effect of soluble salts and cultural practices on mite populations on hothouse tomatoes. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1949. 42:56-59.

Roesler R. Rote Spinne und Witterung. Z. angew. Ent. 1953. 36:197-200.

Ross W. A., Robinson W. Notes on the plum spider mite or European red mite. Rept. Ent. Soc. Ontario. 1922. 52:33-42.

Rota P. Osservazione sugli Acari Tetranychidi dannosi alle piante coltivate ed ornamentali in Italia. Boll. Zool. agric. Bachic. 1961-1962. 2:31-136.

Rota P. Die gemeine Spinnmilbe (Tetranychus urticae Koch) Obstb. Weinb. Mitt. Südtir. Ber. Ring. 1967. 4:190-91.

Roussel J. S., Weber J. C., Newson L. C., Smith C. E. The effect of infestation by the spider mite, Tetranychus tumidus, on growth and yield of cotton. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1951. 44:523-27.

Ryke P. A. J., Meyer M. P. K. Spider mites and false spider mites with notes on South African species and the basic concepts regarding their biological control. S. Afr. Jour. Agr. Sci. 1958. 1:357-73.

Saba F. Über Entwicklung und Rückgang von Giftresistenz bei Tetranychus urticae Koch und deren Abhängigkeit von der Wirtspflanze. Z. angew. Ent. 1961a. 48:265-93. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0418.1961.tb03804.x [CrossRef]

Saba F. Über die Bildung der Diapauseform bei Tetranychus urticae Koch in Abhängigkeit von Giftresistenz. Entomologia exp. appl. 1961b. 4:264-72. DOI: 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1961.tb02141.x [CrossRef]

Saba F. Mitteilung über Schadmilben im Vorderen Orient. Anz. Schädlingsk. 1964. 37:17-19. DOI: 10.1007/BF01886752 [CrossRef]

Saini R. S., Cutkomp L. K. The effects of DDT and sublethal doses of Dicofol on reproduction of the two-spotted spider mite. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1966. 59:249-53.

Sanford K. H., Herbert H. J. The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia. XV. Chemical controls for winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.), and their effects on phytophagous mites and predator populations. Can. Ent. 1966. 98:991-99. DOI: 10.4039/Ent98991-9 [CrossRef]

Scriven G. T., Fleschner C. A. Insectary production of Stethorus species. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1960. 53:982-85.

Schrader F. Haploidie bei einer Spinnmilbe. Arch. mikrosk. Anat. EntwMech. 1923. 97:610-22. DOI: 10.1007/BF02977822 [CrossRef]

Seay T. N. Studies on the development of a chemically defined diet for the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus telarius L.) with special reference to immature forms 1963. M. S. Thesis, Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington

Seifert G. Der Einfluss von DDT auf die Eiproduktion von Metatetranychus ulmi Koch (Acari, Tetranychidae). Z. angew. Zool. 1961. 48:441-52.

Shinkaji N. Experimental studies on the temperature and relative humidity influencing the development of the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor). Bul. Hort. Div. Tokai-Kinki Agr. Exp. Sta. 1959. 5:129-42.

Shinkaji N. Studies on the geographical distribution of the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), living on major fruit trees in Japan. (In Japanese; English summary.). Bul. Hort. Div. Tokai-Kinki Agr. Exp. Sta. 1961a. 6:49-63.

Shinkaji N. On the diapause of the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor). (In Japanese; English summary.). Bul. Hort. Div. Tokai-Kinki Agr. Exp. Sta. 1961b. 6:64-76.

Shinkaji N. Some investigations on the behavior of citrus red mite (Panonychus citri McGregor). (In Japanese; English summary.). Bul. Hort. Res. Sta. (Ser. B.). 1962. 1:192-205.

Sidljarevi? V. I. Significant role of predatory mites and bugs in reducing populations of Metatetranychus ulmi Koch in Belorussian SSR. (In Russian.). Trudy vses. n.-i. in-ta zaš?ity rastenij. 1965. 24:175-81.

Siharulidze A. M. Stethorus punctillum as a natural enemy of red spider. (In Russian.). Subtropiki. Kultury. 1962. 3:64-68.

Simanton W. A. Mite populations in Florida citrus groves before and after severe freezes 1965. Proc. 12th Intern. Congr. Ent., London (1964): 364-66

Smith A. J. The citrus red mite. Fmg in S. Afr. 1953. 28:340-44.

Smith E. H. Advances, problems, and the future of insect control. Scientific aspects of pest control. 1966. Washington, D. C.: Nat. Acad. Sci. p. 41-72.

Smith C. E., Weber J. C. The legume mite Petrobia (Tetranychina) apicalis (Banks), a pest on several winter growing legumes. Louisiana State Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bul. 1954. 493:25

Smith L. M., Stafford E. M. Grape pests in California. Calif. Agr. Exp. Sta. Cir. 1955. 445:63 http://archive.org/details/grapepestsincali445smit

Snetsinger R., Balderston C. P., Craig R. Resistance to the two-spotted mite in Pelargonium. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1966. 59:76-78.

Sømme L. Mortality of winter eggs of Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch) during the winter of 1965-66. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 1966. 13:420-23.

Snieder-Berkenbosch L. Some remarks about the digestive tract and the female reproductive system of the fruit tree spider mite, Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch). Proc. K. Ned. Akad. Wet. Ser. C. 1955. LVIII:489-94.

Soueref S. T., Komblas K. N. On the possibility of substitution of synthetic organic insecticides for lead arsenate in the control of Cydia (Carpocapsa) pomonella (L.). (In Greek; English summary.). Geoponika (B). 1961. 7(87):256-58. 69

Specht H. B. Effect of water-stress on the reproduction of European red mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch) on young apple trees. Can. Ent. 1965. 97:82-85. DOI: 10.4039/Ent9782-1 [CrossRef]

Spencer H., Norman P. A. Increases in citrus red mite infestations after the application of parathion sprays. Fla. Ent. 1952. 35:87-90. DOI: 10.2307/3491933 [CrossRef]

Speyer E. R. Entomological investigations. 1. Red spider (Tetranychus telarius L.). Rep. Exp. Res. Sta., Cheshunt. 1924. 1923:69-78. for

Speyer E. R. Entomological investigations. Red spider (Tetranychus telarius L.) 1925. pp.82-83. Rep. Exp. Res. Sta., Cheshunt, for 1924

Speyer E. R. Entomological investigations. Red spider (Tetranychus telarius L.). Rep. Exp. Res. Sta., Cheshunt, for. 1926. 1925:89-93.

Srivista B. K., Mathur L. M. L. Bionomics and control of the castor mite. Indian Jour. Ent. 1963. 24:229-35.

Steer W. Migration of the red spider. Gdnrs’ Chron., July. 1940. 20:28-29.

Steiner L. F., Arnold C. H., Summerland S. A. Laboratory and field tests of DDT for the control of the codling moth. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1944. 37:156-57.

Steiner L. F., Summerland S. A., Fahey J. E. Experiments in 1945 with DDT for control of the codling moth. Proc. Ohio State Hort. Soc. 1946. 79:105-30.

Steinhausen W. R. Ein neues Akarizid zur Bekämpfung phosphorsäureesterresistenter Spinnmilben mit durch Resistenz erzeugter höhere Empfindlichkeit. Z. angew. Zool. 1968. 55:107-14.

Stenseth C. Cold hardiness in the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch). Entomologia exp. appl. 1965. 8:33-38. DOI: 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1965.tb02340.x [CrossRef]

Stollwerck W. Untersuchungen zur Frage der Anlage und Auswertung von Versuchen mit Metatetranychus ulmi Koch an Apfelbäumen. 1962. Bonn: Diss. Rh. Fr.-Wilhelms Univ. 90p.

Stoner A. K., Frank J. A., Gentile G. A. The relationship of glandular hairs on tomatoes to spider mite resistance. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 1968. 93:532-38.

Stoner A. K., Stringfellow T. Resistance of tomato varieties to spider mites. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 1967. 90:324-29.

Storms J. J. H. Nieuwe wegen in de spintbestrijding. Fruitteelt. 1967. 57:862-63.

Storms J. J. H. Observations on the relationship between mineral nutrition of apple rootstocks in gravel culture and the reproduction of Tetranychus urticae (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Entomologia exp. appl. 1969. 12:297-311. DOI: 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1969.tb02526.x [CrossRef]

Storms J. J. H. Some physiological effects of spider mite infestation on bean plants. Neth. Jour. Plant Path. 1971. 77:154-67. DOI: 10.1007/BF02000007 [CrossRef]

Summers F. M. Brown almond mites. Calif. Agric. 1950. 4:6

Sun P. I. Studies on the development of a chemically defined diet for the two-spotted spider mite. Tetranychus telarius 1963. L. M. S. Thesis, Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington

Suski Z. W. Light responses of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acarina: Tetranychidae) 1965. Proc. 12th Intern. Congr. Ent., London (1964): 284-85

Suski Z. W., Naegele J. A. Light responses in the two-spotted spider mite. 1. Analysis of behavioral response. Advances in Acarology. 1963a. I: Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell University Press. p. 435-45.

Suski Z. W., Naegele J. A. Light response in the two-spotted spider mite. 2. Behavior of the “sedentary” and “dispersal” phases. Advances in Acarology. 1963b. I: Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell University Press. p. 445-53.

Swift F. C. Population densities of the European red mite and the predaceous mite Typhlodromus (A.) fallacis on apple foliage following treatment of various insecticides. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1968. 61:1489-91.

Tanaka M. The bionomics of spider mites and their control. (In Japanese.). Nogyo oyobi Engei. 1963. 38:87-92.

Tanaka M., Inoue K. The relation between seasonal variation of citrus red mites and rainfall. (In Japanese.). Rep. Ann. Mtg. Jap. Jour. Appl. Ent. Zool. 1959. 1959:15

Tanaka M., Inoue K. Studies on the integration of chemical and biological control: the control of the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McG.) in citrus orchards by the increase of their predator Stethorus japonica Kamiya. (In Japanese.). Kuyushu Agric. Res. 1962. 24:171-72.

Tashiro H. Intratree dispersal of the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 1966. 59:1206-10.

Taylor G. G. Complications in the use of DDT and Gamexane. Orchard. N. Z. 1946. 19:2-5.

Terriere L. C., Rajadhyaksha N. Reduced fecundity of the two-spotted spider mite on metal-chelate treated leaves. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1964. 57:95-99.

Tew R. P., Groves J. R. Some observations on the effects of formulation on the persistence of DDT and its toxicity to certain orchard insects and mites. Rep. E. Malling Res. Sta. for. 1957. 1956:152-60.

Thompson W. L. Cultural practices and their influences upon citrus pests. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1939. 32:782-89.

Thompson W. L. The effect of magnesium deficiency on infestations of purple scale on citrus. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1942. 35:351-54.

Thompson W. L. Greasy spots on citrus leaves. Citrus Ind. 1944. 29:20-22. 26

Tibilova A. A. Biology of the red spider mite in the Tashkent district. Byull. nauchno-issled. Inst. Khlopkov., Tashkent, no. 1932. 1:

Trägardh I. Contributions towards the knowledge of spinning mites Tetranychus. (In Swedish; English summary.). Meddn CentAnst. FörsVäs. JordbrOmråd., Stockholm. 1915. 109:60

Tsugawa C., Yamada H., Shirasaki S. Forecasting the outbreak of destructive insects in apple orchards. III. Forecasting the initial date of hatch in respect to the overwintering eggs of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), in Aomori Prefecture. Jap. Jour. Appl. Ent. Zool. 1961. 5:167-73.

Ubertalli J. A. Life history of Eutetranychus uncatus Garman. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1955. 48:47-49.

Ugarov A. A., Nikloski V. V. Contribution to the classification of Central Asiatic spider mites. Trudy vses. Inst. Zashch. Rast., Srednesz. Sta. 1937. 2:26-64.

Unterstenhöfer G. Freilandversuche mit “Systox” zur Bekämpfung der Obstbaumspinnmilbe Paratetranychus pilosus Can. et Fanz. Höfchenbr. Bayer PflSchutz-Nachr. 1954. 7:67-77.

Van De Bund C. F., Helle W. Investigations on the Tetranychus urticae complex in northwest Europe (Tetranychidae: Acari). Entomologia exp. appl. 1960. 3:142-56. DOI: 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1960.tb02121.x [CrossRef]

van de Vrie M. Over de invloed van spintaantasting op de opbrengst en groei van vruchtbomen. Tijdschr. PlZiekt. 1956. 62:243-57.

van de Vrie M. The influence of spray chemicals on predatory and phytophagous mites on apple trees in laboratory and field trials in the Netherlands. Entomophaga. 1962. 7:243-50. DOI: 10.1007/BF02374363 [CrossRef]

van de Vrie M. Invloed van carbaryl op de vermeerdering van de fruitspintmijt. Jversl. Proefstn. Fruitteelt, Wilhelminadorp 1964. pp.112-13.

van de Vrie M. Population sampling for integrated control. 1966. 2:57-75. Proc. FAO-Symp. Integr. Pest Contr., Rome (1965)

Van der Laan P. A. Stimulating effect of DDT treatment of cotton on white flies (Bemisia tabaci; Germ. Aleurodidae). Entomologia exp. appl. 1961. 4:47-53. DOI: 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1961.tb00482.x [CrossRef]

Van Emden H. F. Studies on the relations of insect and host plant. III. A comparison of the reproduction of Brevicoryne brassicae and Myzus persicae (Hemiptera, Aphididae) on Brussels sprouts plants supplied with different rates of nitrogen and potassium. Entomologia exp. appl. 1966. 9:444-60.

Van Eyndhoven G. L. Bryobia from Hedera, apple and pear (Acar., Tetran.). Notulae ad Tetranychidas. Ent. Ber. Amst. 1955. 15:340-47.

Van Eyndhoven G. L. Moderne inzichten in de systematiek van het genus Bryobia (Acar.). Notulae ad Tetranychidas 2. Ent. Ber. Amst. 1956a. 16:20-21.

Van Eyndhoven G. L. Bryobia cristata (Duges 1834) and Bryobia rubrioculus (Scheuten 1857) (Acar.). Ent. Ber. Amst. 1956b. 16:45-46.

Van Eyndhoven G. L. New ideas on the genus Bryobia (Acari, Tetranychidae). 1958. 1:927-28. Notulae ad Tetranychidas. Proc. 10th Intern. Congr. Ent., Montreal (1956)

Van Eyndhoven G. L. Tetranychus lintearius Dufour, 1832, is a valid species. Notulae ad Tetranychidas 11. Ent. Ber. Amst. 1967. 27:90-100.

Van Marle G. S. The control of red spider with modern insecticides in the Aalsmeer flower-growing industry. Meded. Inst. plziektenk. Onderz. no. 1951. 18:

Van Rooyen J. L. The biology and ecology of Panonychus citri (McGregor) 1966. Thesis, University of Pretoria, S. Africa

Vergani A. Acaros de interes economico para miestro cultivos. Revta Invest. agríc, Buenos Aires. 1953. 7:213-52.

Walter E. V., Wene G. P. Oligonychus pratensis, a new mite on corn. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1956. 49:265-66.

Ware G. W. DDT-C¹⁴ translocation in alfalfa. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1968. 61:1451-52.

Watson D. L., Hansen C. O. The influence of selection pressure on the “quality” of parathion resistance in two-spotted spider mite populations. Advances in Acarology. 1963. I: Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell University Press. p. 248-56.

Watson T. F. Influence of host plant condition on population increase of Tetranychus telarius (Linnaeus) (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Hilgardia. 1964. 35(11):273-322. DOI: 10.3733/hilg.v35n11p273 [CrossRef]

Webster R. L. Mites of economic importance in the Pacific Northwest. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1948. 41:677-83.

Westigard P., Lombard P. B., Grim J. H. Preliminary investigations of the effect of feeding of various levels of two-spotted spider mite on its Anjou pear host. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 1966. 89:117-22.

Westwood M. N., Batjer L. P., Billingsley H. D. Effects of several organic spray materials on fruit growth and foliage efficiency of apple and pear. Proc. Amer. Hort. Sci. 1960. 76:59-67.

Wharton G. W. Equilibrium humidity. Advances in Acarology. 1963. I: Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell University Press. p. 201-08.

Wharton G. W., Cross H. F. Studies on the feeding habits of three species of Laelaptid mites. Jour. Parasit. 1957. 43:45-50. DOI: 10.2307/3274753 [CrossRef]

Whitehead E. E., Bewick L. P. Further complications of the codling moth problem. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 1947. 27:41-45.

Wiesmann R. Die Obstbaumspinnmilbe, Paratetranychus pilosus, ihre Lebensweise und Versuche zu ihrer Bekämpfung. Schweiz. Z. Obst- u. Wein. 1940. 18:327-36.

Wiesmann R. Untersuchungen über die Verdauungsvorgänge bei der gemeinen Spinnmilbe, Tetranychus urticae Koch. Z. angew. Ent. 1968. 61:457-65. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0418.1968.tb03930.x [CrossRef]

Wilcox J., Howland A. F. Experiments on the control of the two-spotted spider mite on strawberries. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1956. 49:242-44.

Wilkes J. F. A recessive albinism in the citrus red mite. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 1963. 56:792-95.

Williams A. J. Biology of the common red spider. Jour. Kansas Ent. Soc. 1954. 27:97-99.

Willis R. J. The influence of the apple spray programme on the incidence of the fruit tree red spider mite (Metatetranychus ulmi Koch) in Northern Ireland. Res. exp. Rec. Minist. Agric. Nth. Ire. 1957. 5:12-28.

Wilson J. W. The two-spotted mite (Tetranychus telarius L.) on Asparagus plumosus. Bul. Fla. Agr. Exp. Sta. 1931. 234:

Wingo C. W., Thomas G. W. Development of the two-spotted spider mite in the presence of DDT and other insecticides. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1948. 41:688-91.

Winston P. W. Humidity relations in the clover mite, Bryobia praetiosa Koch. Ecology. 1963a. 44:669-78. DOI: 10.2307/1933013 [CrossRef]

Winston P. W. Possible humidity receptor mechanisms in the clover mite, Bryobia praetiosa Koch. Jour. Inst. Physiol. 1963b. 9:89-103. DOI: 10.1016/0022-1910(63)90086-6 [CrossRef]

Winston P. W. The physiology of water balance in Acarina. Acarologia, fasc. h. s. 1964. 1964:307-14.

Wybou A. Notice sur l’araignée rouge des arbres fruitiers (Paratetranychus pilosus, Bryobia praetiosa). Fruit beige. 1949. 17:110

Wybou A. De Acari der vruchtbomen. Versl. Nav. Inst. Aanm. Wetensch. Onderz. Nijverh. Landb. (IWONL) 1951. p.126.

Yokoyama K. New tetranychid mites attacking the mulberry leaf. (I). Bionomics and external structures of the Tetranychus suginamesis n. sp. Bul. seric. Exp. Sta. Japan, Tokyo. 1932. 8:229-87.

Zacher F. Arachnoidae. 1949. IV(1949):139-139. PflKrankh. Handbuch Sorauer P.(ed.)

Zeid M. M. I., Cutkomp L. K. Effects associated with toxicity and plant translocation of three phosphate insecticides. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1951. 44:898-905.

Zein-Eldin E. A. Studies on the legume mite Petrobia apicalis. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1956. 49:291-96.

Zukova V. P. Feeding mechanisms of the spider mite Tetranychus telarius. (In Russian.). Trudy n.-i. in-ta zaš?ity rastenij Uz. SSR. 1963. 6:13-18.