Creasing of orange fruit

Jones, W; Embleton, T; Garber, M; Cree, C

Creasing of orange fruit

Authors

W. W. Jones
T. W. Embleton
M. J. Garber
C. B. Cree

Authors Affiliations

W. W. Jones was Professor of Horticultural Science and Horticulturist in the Experiment Station, Riverside; T. W. Embleton was Lecturer and Horticulturist in the Experiment Station, Riverside; M. J. Garber was Professor of Biometry and Biometrician in the Experiment Station, Riverside; C. B. Cree was Laboratory Technician IV, Department of Horticultural Science, Riverside.

Publication Information

Hilgardia 38(6):231-244. DOI:10.3733/hilg.v38n06p231. May 1967.

PDF of full article, Cite this article

Abstract

Several factors associated with creasing of oranges were observed and measured in a number of California field studies for more than a decade. Severity of creasing was found to be highly correlated with incidence. Creasing was highly variable among trees in a given orchard; occurred more frequently on the south half of the tree than on the north half; developed first on the side of the fruit facing the trunk; and became progressively more severe as the fruit aged. It was also associated with greater crop loads. Peel and juice composition were significantly different between creased and noncreased fruit from the same tree. Split or summer applications of nitrogen resulted in less creasing than spring applications; the effects of nitrogen rate were not consistent. Trees deficient in phosphorus in respect to volume yield produced fruit that had less creasing than phosphorus-sufficient trees, but the nutrient had no effect when applied beyond correction of the deficiency. Soil applications of potassium reduced creasing; potassium nitrate sprayed on foliage even after creasing was evident reduced creasing at harvest time. Over a ten-year period in one experiment, creasing was associated positively with the range between the mean minimum temperature for June and the mean maximum for July, also with the range between the mean minimum for December 15 to January 15 and the mean maximum for January 15 to February 15. Certain trees were consistently high in fruit yield and low in incidence of creasing. This suggests that a genetic factor might be influential.

Literature Cited

Bain Joan M. Morphological, anatomical, and physiological changes in the developing fruit of the Valencia orange Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck. Aust. Jour. Bot. 1958. 6:1-24. DOI: 10.1071/BT9580001 [CrossRef]

Bartholomew E. T., Reed H. S. Chap. VI, General Morphology, Histology, and Physiology. The Citrus Industry, Vol. I. 1946. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.

Chapman H. D., Rayner D. S. Effect of various maintained levels of phosphate on the growth, yield, composition and quality of Washington navel oranges. Hilgardia. 1951. 20(17):325-58. DOI: 10.3733/hilg.v20n17p325 [CrossRef]

Charnat A. Rapport sur le gaufrage des oranges. Fruits et Primeurs de l’Afrique du Nort. Numero special. 1954. 255(15):147-64.

Chevalier Gaston. La Boursouflure des agrumes. Fruits et Primeurs de l’Afrique du Nort. 1952. 22:339-43.

Duncan D. B. Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics. 1955. 11:1-42. DOI: 10.2307/3001478 [CrossRef]

Embleton T. W., Jones W. W., Kirkpatrick J. D. Influence of applications of dolomite, potash, and phosphate on quality, grade, and composition of Valencia orange fruit. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 1956. 67:191-201.

Embleton T. W., Kirkpatrick J. D., Jones W. W., Cree C. B. Influence of applications of dolomite, potash, and phosphate on yield and size of fruit and on composition of leaves of Valencia orange trees. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 1956. 67:183-90.

Embleton T. W., Kirkpatrick J. D., Parker E. R. Visible response of phosphorus-deficient orange trees to phosphatic fertilizers, and seasonal changes in mineral constituents of leaves. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 1952. 60:55-64.

Fourie S., Joubert G. F. Effect of potash and phosphate on yield and creasing of navel oranges in the Citrusdal area. Citrus Grower (South Africa). 1957. 277:1-3.

Haas A. R. C. The relation of phosphorus to creasing and puffing in Valencia oranges. California Citrog. 1950. 35:277-78. 298-300.

Jones W. W., Embleton T. W., Cree C. B. Number of replications and plot sizes required for reliable evaluation of nutritional studies and yield relationships with citrus and avocado. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 1957. 69:208-16.

Le Roux J. C., Crous P. A. Effect of fertilizer on creasing of Mediterranean sweet oranges. Farming in South Africa. 1938. 13:66-68. 85.

Lombard P. B. Late harvested fruit of Valencia strains compared. California Citrog. 1963. 48:139-40.

Miller E. V. Some observations on creasing in Florida oranges. Proc. Florida State Hort. Soc. 1945. 58:159-60.

Miller E. V., Turnbull J. Relation of irrigation to creasing in oranges in Florida. Citrus Industry (Florida). 1948. 29(4):16-17.

Pelton S. D., Smith Ralph E. Mimeographed reports, addresses, and suggestions relative to the Experiment Station at Riverside, California, and the Pathological Institute at Whittier, California. 1907. Berkeley: Special Citrus Fruit Growers Institute. Bureau of Farmers Institutes, University of California.

Reitz H. J., Koo R. C. J. Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on yield, fruit quality, and leaf analysis of Valencia orange. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 1960. 75:244-52.

Reuther W., Smith P. F. Relation of nitrogen, potassium, and magnesium fertilization to some fruit qualities of Valencia oranges. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 1952. 59:1-12.

Sites J. W., Deszyck E. J. Effect of varying amounts of potash on yield and quality of Valencia and Hamlin oranges. Proc. Florida State Hort. Soc. 1952. 65:92-98.

Snedecor G. W. Statistical methods. 1940. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State College Press.

van Niekerk O. T. Report on Activities of the South Africa Co-operative Citrus Exchange Field Department, May, 1955. Citrus Grower (Africa). 1955. 257:7-9. 12.