Stability of variety response to extensive variations of environment and field plot design
Authors
B. J. HoyleG. A. Baker
Authors Affiliations
B. J. Hoyle was Specialist in Field Station Administration and Superintendent of the Tulelake Field Station, Tulelake; G. A. Baker was Professor of Mathematics and Statistician in the Experiment Station, Davis.Publication Information
Hilgardia 30(13):365-394. DOI:10.3733/hilg.v30n13p365. January 1961.
PDF of full article, Cite this article
Abstract
The ideal conditions upon which the usefulness of the classical field trials depend rarely exist in nature. Nor can the conditions that actually exist be sufficiently formalized by current conventional practices to provide an adequate and consistently reliable interpretation of field trials. AI large number of trials for the same strains of Hannchen barley and other crops show that field trials can be freed from the procedures which attempt, by preselection and mathematical compensations, to arrange naturally irregular conditions according to a formalized mathematical model. Simpler and more accurate procedures, based on conditions as they actually exist, can be substituted. Thus the costs and time necessary for definitive field trials can be greatly reduced. Agricultural testing programs can be accelerated, with increased confidence in the reliability of the results.
Literature Cited
Baker G. A. Fundamental distributions of errors for agricultural field trials. National Mathematics Magazine. 1941. 16:7-19. DOI: 10.2307/3028105 [CrossRef]
Baker G. A. F values for samples of four and four from populations which are the sum of two normal populations. National Mathematics Magazine. 1944. 19:62-63. DOI: 10.2307/3030009 [CrossRef]
Baker G. A. Test of the significance of the differences of per cents of emergence of seedlings in multiple field trials. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 1945. 40:93-97. DOI: 10.1080/01621459.1945.10500731 [CrossRef]
Baker G. A. Uniformity field trials when differences in fertility levels of subplots are not included in experimental error. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics. 1952a. 23:289-293. DOI: 10.1214/aoms/1177729448 [CrossRef]
Baker G. A. Field trial problems. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics. 1952b. 23:480 Abstract. DOI: 10.1214/aoms/1177729448 [CrossRef]
Baker G. A., Baker R. E. Strawberry uniformity yield trials. Biometrics. 1953. 9:412-421. DOI: 10.2307/3001713 [CrossRef]
Baker G. A., Briggs F. N. Wheat bunt field trials. Journal of the American Society of Agronomy. 1945. 37:127-133. DOI: 10.2134/agronj1945.00021962003700020005x [CrossRef]
Baker G. A., Briggs F. N. Wheat bunt field trials. II. Proceedings of the Berkeley Symposium on Mathematics and Probability 1945-46 1949. pp.485-491.
Baker G. A., Briggs F. N. Yield trials with back-cross derived lines of wheat. Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics. 1950. 2:61-67. DOI: 10.1007/BF02919502 [CrossRef]
Baker G. A., Hanna G. C. Transformations of split-plot yield trial data to improve analysis of variance. Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Sciences. 1949. 53:273-275.
Baker G. A., Huberty M. R., Veihmeyer F. J. A uniformity trial on unirrigated barley of ten years’ duration. Agronomy Journal. 1952. 44:267-270. DOI: 10.2134/agronj1952.00021962004400050011x [CrossRef]
Baker G. A., Roessler E. B. Implications of uniformity trial with small plots of wheat. Hilgardia. 1957. 27:183-188. DOI: 10.3733/hilg.v27n05p183 [CrossRef]
Baker R. E., Baker G. A. Experimental design for studying resistance of strawberry varieties to verticillium wilt. Phytopathology. 1950. 40:477-482.
Cattell R. B. Factor Analysis. 1952. New York: Harper and Brothers. xiii + 462p.
Colwell R. N. Determining the prevalence of certain cereal crop diseases by means of aerial photography. Hilgardia. 1956. 26:223-286. DOI: 10.3733/hilg.v26n05p223 [CrossRef]
Hanna G. C., Baker G. A. Analysis of asparagus field trials on the basis of partial records. Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Sciences. 1951. 57:273-276.
Hoyle B. J. Stress indicators 1957. Annual Research Review of the Agronomy Staff, Davis, January 28.
Hoyle B. J. Islands 1958. Annual Research Review of the Agronomy Staff, Davis, January 28.
Hoyle B. J. Tulelake Field Station 13th Annual Report—Research 1959. Mimeograph, 20 pages.
Hoyle B. J., Baker G. A. A more efficient barley yield testing method. Barley News Letter. 1959a. 2:32-33.
Hoyle B. J., Baker G. A. The S.D. technique and its use for conducting field trials 1959b. p.Four. pages. Mimeographed.
Hoyle B. J., Baker G. A. The analysis of field trials based on the concept of islands of variation 1959c. Agronomy Abstracts, American Society of Agronomy, Cleveland Meetings, Nov. 16-20.
Hoyle B. J., Baker G. A. Factor analysis of twenty-eight independent field trials on nine strains of Hannchen barley. Biometrics. 1960. 16:127-128. Abstract No. 633.
Holzinger K. J., Harman Harry H. Factor Analysis. 1941. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. xii + 417p.
Kendall M. G. A course in Multivariate Analysis. 1957. New York: Hafner Publishing Company. 185p.
Johnson I. J., Truoy Emil, Rigney J. A., Sprague George. Publication of analysis of variance tables. Agronomy Journal. 1954. 46:475
Proebsting E. L. Changes in the nitrate and sulfate content of the soil solution under orchard conditions. Hilgardia. 1929. 4:57-76. DOI: 10.3733/hilg.v04n02p057 [CrossRef]
Riddle O. C., Baker G. A. Biases encountered in large-scale yield tests. Hilgardia. 1944. 16:1-14. DOI: 10.3733/hilg.v16n01p001 [CrossRef]
Smith F. L. Effects of plot size, plot shape, and number of replications on the efficiency of bean yield trials. Hilgardia. 1858. 28:43-63. DOI: 10.3733/hilg.v28n02p043 [CrossRef]
Snedecor George W. Statistical Methods. 1956. Fifth Edition Ames: Iowa State College Press. xiii + 534p. pages, especially 251-253.
Thurstone L. L. Multiple-Factor Analysis. 1947. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. xix + 535p.
Veihmeyer F. J., Hendrickson A. H. Soil moisture as an indication of root distribution in deciduous orchards. Plant Physiology. 1938. 13:169-177. DOI: 10.1104/pp.13.1.169 [CrossRef]
Waynick D. D. Variability in soils and its significance to past and future soil investigations. I. A statistical study of nitrification in soils. University of California Publicatons in Agricultural Sciences. 1919. 3:243-270.
Waynick D. D., Sharp L. T. Variability in soils and its significance to past and future soil investigations. II. Variations in nitrogen and carbon in field soils and their relation to the accuracy of field trials. University of California Publications in Agricultural Sciences. 1919. 4:121-139.
Wiebe G. A. Variation and correlation in grain yield among 1,500 wheat nursery plots. Journal of Agricultural Research. 1935. 50:331-357.
Williams J. D. The Compleat Strategyst. 1954. New York: McGraw-Hill. xiii + 234p. Rand Series.