Morphology of reproduction in guayule and certain other species of Parthenium

Esau, K

Morphology of reproduction in guayule and certain other species of Parthenium

Author

Katherine Esau

Author Affiliations

Katherine Esau was Associate Professor of Botany and Associate Botanist in the Experiment Station.

Publication Information

Hilgardia 17(2):61-120. DOI:10.3733/hilg.v17n02p061. January 1946.

PDF of full article, Cite this article

Abstract

Abstract does not appear. First page follows.

Introduction

Studies on hybridization in guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) conducted under the Guayule Research Project of the United States Department of Agriculture at Salinas, California, revealed that apomixis occurred in this species (Powers and Rollins, 1945).3 This observation contradicts the reports in earlier morphologic work on guayule, according to which this plant shows no asexual reproduction (Kirkwood, 1910); (Kokieva, 1932); (Dianowa et al., 1935). A reinvestigation of the morphology of reproduction in guayule was therefore necessary. The present study on megasporogenesis, megagametogenesis, and embryo formation of Parthenium was undertaken in response to this need. The first findings of these morphologic studies, which confirmed the conclusion of (Powers and Rollins (1945)) on the occurrence of apomixis in guayule, were reported in a preliminary paper (Esau, 1944b). Since then additional types of guayule and two other species of Parthenium (P. hysterophorus L. and P. incanum H.B.K.) have been examined, and the complete data assembled for the present paper.

Review of Literature

Since the literature on apomixis has been thoroughly reviewed by (Stebbins (1941)), the only papers considered here will be those that bear most directly on the present study. The writer previously reported (Esau, 1944b) that in apomictic guayule the megaspore mother cells commonly fail to undergo meiosis and directly develop into diploid embryo sacs.

Literature Cited

Afzelius Karl. Apomixis in der Gattung Arnica. Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 1936. 30:572-79.

Åkerberg Erik. Further studies of the embryo- and endosperm-development in Poa pratensis. Hereditas. 1943. 29:199-201.

Artschwager Ernst. Contribution to the morphology and anatomy of guayule (Parthenium argentatum). U. S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bul. 1943. 842:1-33.

Bergman Bengst. Eine neue apomiktische Antennaria. Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 1937. 31:391-94.

Bergner A. D. Guayule plants with low chromosome numbers. Science. 1944. 99:224-25. DOI: 10.1126/science.99.2568.224 [CrossRef]

Brink R. A., Cooper D. C. Double fertilization and development of the seed in angiosperms. Bot. Gaz. 1940. 102:1-25. DOI: 10.1086/334932 [CrossRef]

Chamberlain C. J. The embryo sac of Aster Novae-Angliae. Bot. Gaz. 1895. 20:205-12. DOI: 10.1086/327187 [CrossRef]

Chiarugi Alberto. Aposporia e apogamia in “Artemisia nitida” Bertol. Nuovo Gior. Bot. Ital. 1926. 33:501-626.

Chiarugi Alberto, Francini Eleonora. Apomissia in “Ochna serrulata” Walp. Nuovo Gior. Bot. Ital. 1930. 37:1-250. DOI: 10.1080/11263503009439741 [CrossRef]

Cooper D. C., Brink R. A. Somatoplastic sterility as a cause of seed failure after interspecific hybridization. Genetics. 1940. 25:593-617.

Dianowa W. J., Sosnovetz A. A., Steschina N. A. Vergleichende zytoembryologische Untersuchung der Varietäten von Parthenium argentatum Gray und P. incanum Gray. Bot. Centbl. Beihefte. 1935. 53:293-308.

Esau Katherine. Anatomical and cytological studies on beet mosaic. Jour. Agr. Res. 1944a. 69:95-117.

Esau Katherine. Apomixis in guayule. Natl. Acad. Sci. Proc. 1944b. 30:352-55. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.30.11.352 [CrossRef]

Fagerlind Folke. Zytologie und Gametophytenbildung in der Gattung Wikstroemia. Hereditas. 1940. 26:23-50. DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1940.tb03225.x [CrossRef]

Foster A. S. Problems of structure, growth and evolution in the shoot apex of seed plants. Bot. Rev. 1939. 5:454-70. DOI: 10.1007/BF02878705 [CrossRef]

Gentcheff G., Gustafsson A. Parthenogenesis and pseudogamy in Potentilla. Bot. Notiser. 1940. 1940:109-32.

Gerassimova Helen. Fertilization in Crepis’capillaris. Cellule. 1933-34. 42:101-41.

Häflinger Ernst. Zytologisch-embryologische Untersuchungen pseudogamer Ranunkeln der Auricomus-Gruppe. Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 1943. 53:317-82. In: Biol. Abstr. 19(5): 989. Entry 9153. 1945

Håkansson Artur. Die Entwicklung des Embryosacks und die Befruchtung bei Poa alpina. Hereditas. 1943. 29:25-61.

Holmgren Ivar. Zytologische Studien über die Fortpflanzung bei den Gattungen Erigeron und Eupatorium. Svenska Vetensk. Akad, Handl. 1919. 59:1-118.

Juel H. O. Vergleichende Untersuchungen über typische und parthenogenetische Fortpflanzung bei der Gattung Antennaria. Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1900. 33:1-59.

Kiellander C. L. Apomixis bei Poa serotina. Bot. Notiser. 1935. 1935:87-95.

Kiellander C. L. On the embryological basis of apomixis in Poa palustris L. Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 1937. 31:425-29.

Kirkwood J. E. The life history of Parthenium (guayule). Amer. Rev. Trop. Agr. 1910. 1:193-205.

Kokieva E. Istoriia razvitiia zhenskogo gametofita u Parthenium argentatum G. (“Guayule”). [The development of the female gametophyte in Parthenium argentatum G. (“Guayule”).]. Bot. Zhur. S.S.S.R. (Jour. Bot. de l’ U.R.S.S.). 1932. 17:72-99.

Land W. J. G. Double fertilization in Compositae. Bot. Gaz. 1900. 30:252-60. DOI: 10.1086/328039 [CrossRef]

Mitchell J. W., Benedict H. M., Whiting A. G. Growth, rubber storage, and seed production by guayule as affected by boron supply. Bot. Gaz. 1944. 106:148-57. DOI: 10.1086/335281 [CrossRef]

Murbeck Sv. Parthenogenetische Embryobildung in der Gattung Alchemilla. Lunds Univ. Årsskr. 1901. 36:1-41.

Powers LeRoy, Rollins R. C. Reproduction and pollination studies on guayule, Parthenium argentatum Gray and P. incanum H. B. K. Amer. Soc. Agron. Jour. 1945. 37:96-112. DOI: 10.2134/agronj1945.00021962003700020003x [CrossRef]

Rosenberg O. Cytological studies on the apogamy in Hieraceum. Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 1908. 28:143-70.

Rosenberg O. Apogamie und Parthenogenesis bei Pflanzen. Handbuch der Vererbungswissenschaft Lief. 1930. 12: Berlin: Gebr. Borntraeger. 66p. (Vol. 2, L.)

Satina Sophie. Periclinal chimeras in Datura in relation to the development and structure of the ovule. Amer. Jour. Bot. 1945. 32:72-81. DOI: 10.2307/2437113 [CrossRef]

Schneider C. K., Linsbauer K. Illustriertes Handwörterbuch der Botanik. 1917. 12th ed. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann. 824p. Ed. by

Stebbins G. L. Jr. Cytology of Antennaria. II. Parthenogenetic species. Bot. Gaz. 1932. 94:322-63. DOI: 10.1086/334300 [CrossRef]

Stebbins G. L. Jr. Apomixis in the angiosperms. Bot. Rev. 1941. 7:507-42. DOI: 10.1007/BF02872410 [CrossRef]

Stebbins G. L. Jr., Jenkins J. A. Aposporic development in the North American species of Crepis. Genetica. 1939. 21:191-224. DOI: 10.1007/BF01508152 [CrossRef]

Stebbins G. L. Jr., Kodani Masuo. Chromosomal variation in guayule and mariola. Jour. Hered. 1944. 35:163-72.

Tinney F. W. Cytology of parthenogenesis in Poa pratensis. Jour. Agr. Res. 1940. 60:351-60.

Whitehead M. R., Mitchell J. W. Effects of nutrient, photoperiod, and night temperature on the development of guayule seeds. Bot. Gaz. 1943. 105:14-24. DOI: 10.1086/335187 [CrossRef]

Also in this issue:

Cytosporina dieback of apricot

Sprinkler irrigation: Of container plants

Spider mite-resistant cotton

Milo equal to barley: For full supplementation of beef cattle on irrigated pastures

Variety trials of cos or romaine lettuce in San Diego County

Strong branch structure: For Modesto Ash a simple pruning technique can insure a stronger branch structure for Modesto Ash trees

Planting date effects on cereal production for winter feed

Pear decline research: —Progress summary