Measurements on hydrocyanic acid absorbed by citrus tissues during fumigation

Bartholomew, E; Sinclair, W; Lindgren, D

Measurements on hydrocyanic acid absorbed by citrus tissues during fumigation

Authors

E. T. Bartholomew
Walton B. Sinclair
D. L. Lindgren

Authors Affiliations

E. T. Bartholomew was Professor of Plant Physiology and Plant Physiologist in the Experiment Station; Walton B. Sinclair was Assistant Professor of Plant Physiology and Assistant Plant Physiologist in the Experiment Station; D. L. Lindgren was Assistant Entomologist in the Experiment Station.

Publication Information

Hilgardia 14(7):373-409. DOI:10.3733/hilg.v14n07p373. May 1942.

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Abstract

Abstract does not appear. First page follows.

Methods for the accurate determination of hydrocyanic acid (HCN) and studies of factors affecting the recovery of HCN from fumigated citrus tissues have been previously reported ⁽¹⁾, ⁽²⁾.6 The present paper is concerned with the results of the application of the principles derived from the earlier studies to further laboratory experiments, performed in conjunction with the fumigation studies of citrus trees under orchard conditions.

The effect of certain factors, such as oil sprays, the locality in which the trees were grown, and the temperature, age, and moisture content of citrus tissues at time of fumigation, have been studied in relation to the absorption and retention of HCN under both laboratory and field conditions. The comparative amounts of absorption and lengths of time of retention of HCN have also been studied in relation to maturity of leaves and fruits and in relation to their injurious or noninjurious effects. The results of laboratory experiments cannot always be applied directly to the solution of orchard fumigation problems, but they may serve as a basis for the formulation of field experiments.

The trees, leaves, and fruits used in the experiments described in this paper were of the Valencia-orange variety (Citrus sinensis Osbeck).

Literature Cited

[1] Bartholomew E. T., Raby E. C. Photronic photoelectric turbidimeter for determining hydrocyanic acid in solutions. Indus. and Engin. Chem., analyt. ed. 1935. 7:68-69. DOI: 10.1021/ac50093a032 [CrossRef]

[2] Bartholomew E. T., Sinclair Walton B., Janes Byron E. Factors affecting the recovery of hydrocyanic acid from fumigated citrus tissues. Hilgardia. 1939. 12(7):473-95. DOI: 10.3733/hilg.v12n07p473 [CrossRef]

[3] Clayton E. E. Hydrogen cyanide fumigation. Bot. Gaz. 1919. 67:483-500. DOI: 10.1086/332501 [CrossRef]

[4] Knight Hugh. Factors affecting efficiency in fumigation with hydrocyanic acid. Hilgardia. 1925. 1(3):35-56. DOI: 10.3733/hilg.v01n03p035 [CrossRef]

[5] Moore William. Studies in greenhouse fumigation with hydrocyanic acid: Temperature and moisture factors influencing the injury of plants during fumigation. Minnesota State Ent. Rept. 1916. 16:93-108.

[6] Pratt F. S. Fumigation gas concentrations under tents. California Citrog. 1930. 15:440 455-57.

[7] Quayle H. J. Resistance of certain scale insects in certain localitics to hydrocyanic acid fumigation. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1922. 15:400-4.

[8] Quayle H. J. Spray and fumigation combination for resistant red scale. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1927. 20:667-73.

[9] Quayle H. J. Insects of citrus and other subtropical fruits 1938. p.583. (See specifically p. 478 and 488.) Comstock Publishing Company, Inc., Ithaca, New York.

[10] Quayle H. J., Ebeling Walter. Spray-fumigation treatment for resistant red scale on lemons. California Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 1934. 583:1-22. https://archive.org/details/sprayfumigationt583quay

[11] Quayle H. J., Rohrbaugh P. W. Temperature and humidity in relation to IICN fumigation for the red scale. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1934. 27:1083-95.

[12] Stone G. E. The influence of various light intensities and soil moisture on the growth of cucumbers, and their susceptibility to burning from hydrocyanic acid gas. Massachusetts Agr. Exp. Sta. Ann. Rept. 1913. 25(Part I):61-72.

[13] Woglum R. S. Fumigation of citrus plants with hydrocyanic acid: conditions influencing injury. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bul. 1920. 907:1-43.

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