Species of Stigmina and Stigmella occurring on Platanus

Smith, D; Smith, C

Species of Stigmina and Stigmella occurring on Platanus

Authors

Donald J. Smith
Clayton O. Smith

Authors Affiliations

Donald J. Smith was Graduate student at the Citrus Experiment Station, 1935 to 1937; Clayton O. Smith was Associate in the Experiment Station; retired July 1, 1941.

Publication Information

Hilgardia 14(4):203-231. DOI:10.3733/hilg.v14n04p203. November 1941.

PDF of full article, Cite this article

Abstract

Abstract does not appear. First page follows.

Introduction

The four or five species of Platanus, or plane trees, commonly known as “sycamores” in the United States, occur widely throughout North America, Europe, and Asia. These trees are notable for their picturesque beauty in their natural habitats and are widely planted for use as ornamentals on lawns and along streets. Their foliage, however, is subject to attack by various fungi, among which are species of Stigmina and Stigmella. These closely related conidial fungi possess oval to oblong brown spores, whose distinguishing characteristics are the transverse septa in those of Stigmina sp. and the muriform septa in those of Stigmella sp. These fungi have been reported to cause the production of lesions on the leaves of P. orientalis L., P. occidentalis L., and P. racemosa Nutt. The diseases which they cause are not of major importance, for they do not seriously threaten the destruction of the trees. In certain localities, however, and in certain seasons, the leaf spots are conspicuously abundant, and affected trees are prematurely defoliated.

Most plant pathologists and mycologists who have collected specimens of Stigmina and Stigmella on Platanus orienialis, P. occidentalis, and P. racemose have regarded the pathogens as one and the same species, that is, Stigmina Platami (Fckl.) Sacc. But, when this study was begun in December, 1935, at the University of California Citrus Experiment Station, it soon became apparent that the identity and nomenclature of these fungi were in a confused state. For this reason, a comparative study of Stigmina and Stigmella on Platanus was undertaken.

Organisms Involved

Three related but distinct fungi have been shown to be involved in these diseases: Stigmella Platani-racemosae Dearn. and Barth. apud Dearn. on Platanus racemosa, in California; Stigmina Platani (Fckl.) Sacco on P. orientalis, in Europe; and a species of Mycosphaerella on P. occidenfalis, in the southeastern and southern central United States.

Literature Cited

[1] Apostolides C. A. A leaf spot of sycamore caused by Stigmina platani (Fuckel) Sacc. Phytopathology. 1929. 19:667-71.

[2] Bubák Fr. Ein Beitrag zur Pilzflora von Tirol und Istrien. Ann. Mycol. 1914. 12(2):205-20.

[3] Cooke M. C. On Sphaerella and its allies. Jour. Bot. 1883. 21:67-71. 106-20, 136-39.

[4] Dearness John. New and noteworthy fungi. VI. Hyphomycetes. Mycologia. 1929. 21(6):326-32. DOI: 10.2307/3753843 [CrossRef]

[5] Ellis J. B., Everhart B. M. Additions to Cercospora, Gloeosporium, and Cylindrosporium. Jour. Mycol. 1887. 3(2):13-22. DOI: 10.2307/3752880 [CrossRef]

[6] Felt E. P., Howard Rankin W. Insects and diseases of ornamental trees and shrubs. 1932. New York, N. Y.: The Macmillan Company. 507p.

[7] Harkness W. H. Fungi of the Pacific Coast. California Acad. Sci. Bul. 1885. 1(3):159-76. (See specifically p. 164.)

[8] Hoffer G. N. The more important fungi attacking forest trees in Indiana. Indiana State Bd. Forestry Ann. Rept. 1914. 14:84-97.

[9] International Botanical Congress. International rules of botanical nomenclature 1935. Adopted by the International Botanical Congresses of Vienna, 1905, Brussels, 1910, and Cambridge, 1930. 3d ed. 151 p. Gustav Fischer, Jena.

[10] Jennings H. S. Some parasitic fungi of Texas. Texas Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 1890. 9:23-29. (See specifically p. 28.)

[11] Martin G. Hamilton. Diseases of forest and shade trees, ornamental and miscellaneous plants in the United States in 1923. Plant Disease Reporter Sup. [Issued by the U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Plant Indus.]. 1925. 37:349-446. (Mimeo.)

[12] McClatchie A. J. Seedless plants of southern California. South. California Acad. Sci. Proc. 1897. 1:337-98.

[13] Nattrass R. M. Annual Report of the Mycologist for the year 1932. [Cyprus.] Dept. Agr. Ann. Rept. 1933. 1932:44-49.

[14] Patterson Flora W. A collection of economic and other fungi prepared for distribution. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Plant Indus. Bul. 1902. 8:7-31.

[15] Pipal F. J. A list of plant diseases of economic importance in Indiana, with bibliography. Indiana Acad. Sci. Proc. 1916. 1915:379-413. (See specifically p. 394.)

[16] Rawlins T. E. Phytopathological and botanical research methods. 1933. New York, N. Y.: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 156p.

[17] Ridgway R. Color standards and color nomenclature 1912. p.43. 53 color plates. Published by the author, Washington, D. C.

[18] Saccardo P. A. Fungi Veneti novi v. critici. Seriei VIII, Appendicula. Michelia: commentarium Mycologicum. 1878. 1:351-55. Typis Seminarii, Patavii.

[19] Saccardo P. A. Conspectus generum fungorum Italiae inferiorum, nempe ad Sphaeropsideas, Melanconieas, et Hyphomyceteas pertinentium systemate sporologico dispositorum. Michelia: commentarium Mycologicum. 1880. 2:1-38. Typis Seminarii, Patavii.

[20] Saccardo P. A. Sylloge Fungorum IV. Parta VII. (Sylloge Hyphomycetum) 1886. p.394.

[21] Smith Donald J., Smith C. O. The use of special media for sporulation of fungi. Phytopathology. 1939. 29:821

[22] Thümen F. Mycologische Notizen von Griechenland. Bot. Ztg. 1871. 29:27

[23] Tracy S. M., Earle F. S. Mississippi fungi. Mississippi Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 1895. 34:80-122.

[24] Wolf F. A. Life histories of two leaf-inhabiting fungi on sycamore. Mycologia. 1938. 30(1):54-63. DOI: 10.2307/3754480 [CrossRef]

[25] Wolf F. A. Correction. (Cercospora platanifolia Ellis and Ev. to C. platanicola Ellis and Ev.). Mycologia. 1938. 30(2):243 DOI: 10.2307/3754559 [CrossRef]

Also in this issue:

Merchandising nursery stock in California

Studies on wind protection efficiency of slatted fence windbreakers

Need for potassium fertilizer on cotton determined by leaf and soil analyses

New insecticides against orange tortrix tested on apples near Watsonville

Use of herbicides in transplanted celery: In southern California

Use of herbicides in transplanted celery: In northern California

Control of fruiting by plant regulators

Strong winds, dry air and water use by crops

Double cross hybrid varieties in ladino clover

Chemotherapy of bee diseases

Chemotherapy of bee diseases

Resistance to clubroot disease of Brussels sprouts

Hybrid vigor in sweet potatoes

Non-flowering strains of herbage grasses

Non-flowering strains of herbage grasses

Aspects of citrus fruit growth studied in tissue cultures

The effects of phosphorus deficiency on citrus

The effects of sulfur deficiency on citrus