Manure management— costs and product forms

An Estimated 30,700 head of beef were confined in fcedlots on January 1, 1967 in Los Angclcs County. Another 85,000 dairy animals were estimated to be within the confines of its milkshed. Together with the more than three million pen-caged hens, they produce a lot of animal waste. These spccialized, factory-farmed animals create special manure-handling problcms. A feedlot operation of 10,000 head has a sewagedisposal problem equivalent to that of a city with more than 150,000 people. The animal by-product smells and attracts flies which use the waste as a breeding medium. Sanitation regulations and ordinances are imposed as livestock opcratioris and urbanization seek to coexit.