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Shot hole encourages almond drop, doesn't harm kernels
Authors
Nancy GoodellDennis Harper
Beth L. Teviotdale
Publication Information
Hilgardia 53(1):16-18. DOI:10.3733/ca.v053n01p16. January 1999.
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Abstract
Severe spring outbreaks of shot hole disease are often accompanied by leaf fall and fruit drop. Although fruit are shed in response to defoliation, the direct effect of shot hole infection on developing fruit was not known. When fruit at various stages of development were inoculated with high concentrations of the shot hole pathogen, very young and midsized fruit fell, whereas older fruit were retained. Typical shot hole lesions developed on midsized fruit, and full-sized fruit became resistant to infection when embryo development began. Infection did not affect kernel weight, but caused a slight, economically unimportant reduction in kernel length.
Further reading
Highberg LM, Ogawa JM. Yield reduction in almond related to incidence of shot hole disease. Plant Dis. 1986. 70:825-8. https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-70-825
Kester DE. Growth and development. In: Almond Production Manual. Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Univ of Calif Publ 3364 p 90–7 1996.
Shaw DA, Adaskaveg JE, Ogawa JM. Influence of wetness period and temperature on infection and development of shot-hole disease of almond caused by Wilsonomyces carpophilus. Phytopathology. 1990. 80:749-56. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-80-749
Teviotdale BL, Goodell N, Harper D. Abscission and kernel quality of almond fruit inoculated with the shot hole pathogen Wilsonomyces carpophilus.. Plant Dis. 1997. 81:1454-8. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.12.1454
Teviotdale BL, Viveros M, Freeman MW, Sibbett GS. Effect of fungicides on shot hole disease of almonds. Cal Ag. 1989. 43:21-3.
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