Hilgardia
Hilgardia
Hilgardia
University of California
Hilgardia

Sampling mites in almonds: I. Within-tree distribution and clumping pattern of mites with comments on predator-prey interactions

Authors

F. G. Zalom
M. A. Hoy
L. T. Wilson
W. W. Barnett

Authors Affiliations

F. G. Zalom was Integrated Pest Management Specialist in Cooperative Extension, Davis; M. A. Hoy was Professor of Entomology and Entomologist in the Experiment Station, Berkeley; L. T. Wilson was Associate Professor of Entomology and Associate Entomologist in the Experiment Station, Davis; W. W. Barnett was Area IPM Specialist in Cooperative Extension, Fresno.

Publication Information

Hilgardia 52(7):1-13. DOI:10.3733/hilg.v52n07p013. June 1984.

PDF of full article, Cite this article

Abstract

Tetranychus spp. and peach silver mite, Aculus cornutus, are distributed randomly within the foliage of almond trees. Both, however, have extremely clumped patterns of distribution on a per leaf sample unit. The pattern of distribution for Tetranychus spp. was additionally affected by the phytoseiid mite, Metaseiulus occidentalis, the pattern being less clumped with the predator present. M. occidentalis was considerably less clumped than observed for the other mites. Additional analyses indicate that, except at low Tetranychus spp. densities, approximately one M. occidentalis per ten Tetranychus is sufficient to reduce the prey density 2 weeks hence. The distribution relationships in this paper provide a framework for development of a quantitative Tetranychus spp. monitoring program, presented in the following paper.

Literature Cited

Barnes M. M., Andrews K. L. Effects of spider mites on almond tree growth and productivity. J. Econ. Entomol. 1978. 71:555-58.

Barnes M. M., Moffitt H. R. A five-year study of the effects of the walnut aphid and the European red mite on Persian walnut productivity in coastal orchards. J. Econ. Entomol. 1978. 71:71-74.

Croft B. A., Nelson E. E. An index to predict efficient interactions of Typhlodromus occidentalis in control of Tetranychus mcdanieli in southern California apple trees. J. Econ. Entomol. 1972. 65:310-12.

Croft B. A., Welch S. M., Dover M. J. Dispersion statistics and sample size estimates for populations of the mite species Panonychus ulmi and Amblyseius fallacis on apple. Environ. Entomol. 1976. 5:227-34.

Flaherty D. L. Spider mites 1981. pp.111-25. Pages In Grape pest management. Div. Agric. Sci. Univ. Calif

Guppy J. C., Harcourt D. G. Spatial pattern of the immature stages and teneral adults of Phyllophaga spp. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). in a permanent meadow. Can. Entomol. 1970. 102:1254-59.

Herbert H. J., Butler K. B. Distribution of phytophagous and predaceous mites on apple trees in Nova Scotia. Can. Entomol. 1973. 105:271-76. DOI: 10.4039/Ent105271-2 [CrossRef]

Hoy M. A., Ross N. W., Rough D. Impact of navel orangeworm insecticides on mites in northern California almonds. Calif. Agric. 1978. 32(5):10-12.

Hoy M. A., Roush R. T., Smith K. B., Barclay L. W. Spider mites and predators in San Joaquin Valley almond orchards. Calif. Agric. 1979. 33:11-13.

Ingram W. R., Green S. M. Sequential sampling for bollworms on rain grown cotton in Botswana. Cotton Grow. Rev. 1972. 49:265-75.

Kester D. E., Asay R., Janick J., Moore J. N. Almonds. Advances in fruit breeding. 1975. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue Univ. Press. p. 387-419. DOI: 10.1016/B0-12-227055-X/00033-X [CrossRef]

Price P. W. Insect ecology. 1975. New York: Wiley-Interscience. 514p. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511975387 [CrossRef]

Salt G., Hollick F. S. Studies of wireworm populations. II. Spatial distribution. J. Exp. Biol. 1946. 23:1-46.

Sterling W. Sequential sampling of cotton insect populations 1975. pp.133-35. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Prod. Conf

Stern V. M., Smith R. F., Van Den Bosch R., Hagen K. S. The integration of chemical and biological control of the spotted alfalfa aphid. The integrated control concept. Hilgardia. 1959. 29:81-101. DOI: 10.3733/hilg.v29n02p131 [CrossRef]

Stern V. M. Economic threshold. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 1973. 18:259-80. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.en.18.010173.001355 [CrossRef]

Tanigoshi L. K., Hoyt S. C., Croft B. A., Croft B. A., Hoyt S. C. Basic biological and management components for mite pests and their natural enemies. Integrated management of insect pests of pome and stone fruits. 1983. New York: Wiley-Interscience. p. 153-202.

Taylor L. R. Aggregation, variance and the mean. Nature (London). 1961. 189:732-35. DOI: 10.1038/189732a0 [CrossRef]

Taylor L. R., Patel G. P., Pielou E. C., Waters W. G. Aggregation as a species characteristic. Statistical ecology. 1971. 1: Univ. Park: Penn. State Univ. Press. p. 357-77.

Tijerina-Chavez A. D. Longevity and fecundity of the twospotted spider mite (Acarina: Tetranychidae) in relation to leaf age and fruiting condition on cotton 1982. p.40. M.S. thesis, Univ. Calif

Westigard P. H., Calvin L. D. Estimating mite populations in southern Oregon pear orchards. Can. Entomol. 1971. 103:67-71. DOI: 10.4039/Ent10367-1 [CrossRef]

Westigard P. H., Lombard P., Berry D. Bionomics and control of the two-spotted mites on pears in southern Oregon. Ore. St. Univ. Tech. Bull. 1967. 101:32

Wilson L. T., Gonzalez D., Leigh T. F., Maggi V., Foristiere C., Goodell P. Within-plant distribution of spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) on cotton: A developing implementable monitoring program. Environ. Entomol. 1983a. 12:128-34.

Wilson L. T., Pickel C., Mount R. C., Zalom F. G. Presence-absence sequential sampling for cabbage aphid and green peach aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Brussels sprouts. J. Econ. Entomol. 1983b. 76:476-479.

Wilson L. T., Room P. M. Clumping patterns of fruit and arthropods in cotton, with implications for binomial sampling. Environ. Entomol. 1983. 12:50-54.

Zalom F, Hoy M, Wilson L, Barnett W. 1984. Sampling mites in almonds: I. Within-tree distribution and clumping pattern of mites with comments on predator-prey interactions. Hilgardia 52(7):1-13. DOI:10.3733/hilg.v52n07p013
Webmaster Email: sjosterman@ucanr.edu