Cation-exchange properties of some acid soils of california

Pratt, P; Bair, F

Cation-exchange properties of some acid soils of california

Authors

P. F. Pratt
F. L. Bair

Authors Affiliations

P. F. Pratt was Associate Professor of Soil Sciences and Associate Chemist in the Experiment Station, Riverside; F. L. Bair was Laboratory Technician, Department of Soils and Plant Nutrition, Riverside.

Publication Information

Hilgardia 33(13):689-706. DOI:10.3733/hilg.v33n13p689. December 1962.

PDF of full article, Cite this article

Abstract

Abstract does not appear. First page follows.

Most soil acidification experiments are conducted in laboratory or greenhouse over short periods of time, and there is always some uncertainty concerning the application of the data to the field where soils are acidified over a much longer period. Thus, the data presented in this report, part of a study of acid soil samples from the field, provide a background against which to compare the results of short-term experiments.

This report is not intended to be a complete survey of acid soils of California because too few samples have been included. But there are a sufficient number to provide a wide range in such properties as clay and organic C content, cation-exchange capacity (CEC), clay mineral content and pH. The samples also represent a variety of acid soils found in central and southern California. (Cole (1949))4 reported the acidity and alkalinity of soils of California that had been previously surveyed.

Soil Samples

Data on county location, pH, clay and organic C contents of 31 samples are presented in table 1. The clay content was measured by a pipette method and the organic C by a modified Walkley-Black method (Pratt et al. 1957). With the exception of samples 27, 29 and 31, all were taken from the surface soil of cultivated fields or from the A₁ horizon of undisturbed soils. Samples 27, 29 and 31 were taken from the horizon immediately below the plow layer of the same soils as samples 26, 28 and 30, respectively. All samples were air-dried and then ground to pass a 2 mm screen. Subsamples ground to pass a 60-mesh screen were used where small portions were taken for analysis. Sixteen of the samples were taken from central California and fifteen came from Kern and San Diego counties.

Data on the relative abundance of various minerals in the clay fractions of a number of soils are presented in table 2. The clay in twelve of these samples was dominantly illite and montmorillonite, and in seven samples there were mixtures, with montmorillonite constituting only a small portion.

Literature Cited

Bolt G. H. Ion adsorption by clays. Soil Sci. 1955. 79:267-276. DOI: 10.1097/00010694-195504000-00004 [CrossRef]

Bower C. A. Cation-exchange equilibria in soils affected by sodium salts. Soil Sci. 1959. 88:32-35. DOI: 10.1097/00010694-195907000-00006 [CrossRef]

Bower C. A., Goertzen J. O. Surface area of soils and clays by an equilibrium ethylene glycol method. Soil Sci. 1959. 87:289-292. DOI: 10.1097/00010694-195905000-00009 [CrossRef]

Cole R. C. Reaction of California soils. Calif. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 1949. p.712. http://archive.org/details/reactionofcalifo0712cole

Coleman N. T., Weed S. B., McCracken R. J. Cation-exchange capacity and exchangeable cations in Piedmont soils of North Carolina. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 1959. 23:146-149. DOI: 10.2136/sssaj1959.03615995002300020019x [CrossRef]

Davis L. E. Ionic exchange and statistical thermodynamics I. Equilibria in simple exchange systems. Jour. Colloid Sci. 1950a. 5:71-79. DOI: 10.1016/0095-8522(50)90006-7 [CrossRef]

Davis L. E. Ionic exchange and statistical thermodynamics II. Equilibria in irregular systems. Jour. Colloid Sci. 1950b. 5:107-113. DOI: 10.1016/0095-8522(50)90013-4 [CrossRef]

Eriksson E. Cation-exchange equilibria on clay minerals. Soil Sci. 1952. 74:103-113. DOI: 10.1097/00010694-195208000-00001 [CrossRef]

Krishnamoorthy C., Overstreet R. An experimental evaluation of ion-exchange relationships. Soil Sci. 1950. 69:41-53. DOI: 10.1097/00010694-195001000-00003 [CrossRef]

Lunin J., Batchelder A. R. Cation exchange in acid soils upon treatment with saline solutions. Proc. Seventh Cong. Int. Soil Sci. Soc. 1961. 1:507-15.

Magistad O. C. The aluminum content of the soil solution and its relation to soil reaction and plant growth. Soil Sci. 1925. 20:181-225. DOI: 10.1097/00010694-192509000-00001 [CrossRef]

McColloch R. C., Bingham F. T., Aldrich D. G. Relation of soil potassium and magnesium to magnesium nutrition of citrus. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 1957. 21:85-88.

Pierre W. H., Pohlman G. G., McIlvaine T. C. Soluble aluminum studies: I. The concentration of aluminum in the displaced soil solution of naturally acid soils. Soil Sci. 1932. 34:145-160. DOI: 10.1097/00010694-193208000-00005 [CrossRef]

Pratt P. F., Goulben Benoist, Harding R. B. Changes in organic carbon and nitrogen in an irrigated soil during 28 years of differential fertilization. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 1957. 21:215-219.

Pratt P. F., Harding R. B. Decreases in exchangeable magnesium in an irrigated soil during 28 years of differential fertilization. Agron. Jour. 1957. 49:419-421.

Russell E. W. Soil Conditions and Plant Growth. 1950. Eighth Edition New York: Longmans, Green and Co. DOI: 10.2307/2255348 [CrossRef]

Schmehl W. R., Peech M., Bradfield R. Causes of poor growth of plants on acid soils and beneficial effects of liming: I. Evaluation of factors responsible for acid-soil injury. Soil Sci. 1950. 70:393-410. DOI: 10.1097/00010694-195011000-00007 [CrossRef]

Schofield R. K. Effect of pH on electric charges carried by clay particles. Jour. Soil Sci. 1949. 1:1-8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1950.tb00713.x [CrossRef]

U. S. Salinity’ Laboratory Staff. Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils 1954. U. S. Dept. Agr. Handbook No. 60

Vanselow A. P. Equilibria of the base-exchange reactions of bentonites, permutites, soil colloids, and zeolites. Soil Sci. 1932. 33:95-113. DOI: 10.1097/00010694-193202000-00002 [CrossRef]