Armored scale insecticide resistance challenges San Joaquin Valley citrus growers

Grafton-Cardwell, E; Ouyang, Y; Striggow, R; Vehrs, S

Armored scale insecticide resistance challenges San Joaquin Valley citrus growers

Authors

Elizabeth Grafton-Cardwell
Yuling Ouyang
Rebecka Striggow
Stacy Vehrs

Authors Affiliations

E. Grafton-Carddwell is IPM Specialist and Research Entomologist, Department of Entomology, UC Riverside, stationed at UC Kearney Agricultural Center; Y. Ouyang is Staff Research Associate, is former Staff Research Associate, UC Kearney Agricultural Center; R. Striggow is Laboratory Assistant, is former Staff Research Associate, UC Kearney Agricultural Center; S. Vehrs, now a Porterville high school science teacher, is former Staff Research Associate, UC Kearney Agricultural Center.

Publication Information

Hilgardia 55(5):20-25. DOI:10.3733/ca.v055n05p20. September 2001.

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Abstract

Organophosphate and carbamate insecticides have been used to treat citrus pest problems for more than 40 years. From 1990 to 1998, we documented California red scale and yellow scale resistance to these insecticides. Armored scale resistance is found on an estimated 40% of 163,000 acres of citrus in the San Joaquin Valley. Citrus growers have responded by either increasing their use of natural enemies, especially the parasitoid wasp Aphytis melinus, or by applying newly registered insect growth regulator or neonicotinoid insecticides. While the California red scale problem is, for the moment, greatly reduced, outbreaks of cottony cushion scale are occurring because the new insecticides are highly toxic to the predatory vedalia beetle.

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